Manage an information or knowledge management system Research Paper

Manage an information or knowledge pull offment formation - explore Paper Exampleii) The policy guidelines do not draw attention to the areas of under proceeding but it is the system performance that can be said to be underperforming or not. 6. straightforward 7. A contingency plan is the fulfil in an organization that prepares it to act coherently to an unplanned occurrence. It is normally a plan used as an alternative plan if the initial plan fails to function. Also known as the plan B. 8. To manage the problem of IT failure when it occurs, one would destiny to retrieve the information by contacting IT expert. The system can be traced immediately to find the lost data. However, managing this problem for the future, one need to be proactive in that, they need to realize that IT may fail any time therefore, a data backup system is unendingly required in place. Internet security system should be implemented to avoid data stealing through hackers and data destruction through vi ruses and malwares. 9. Analysis, evaluation, probe, investigation 10. Brainstorming is the process of soliciting for ideas from a group of tidy sum in order to find solution to a given problem. This normally begins by the group charge on a problem, the creatively developing various possible solutions to the problem and pushing ideas as far-off as possible. 11. False. Auditing finds mistakes and builds on them, not strengths. 12. False. One system cannot be reviewed in isolation since a system is continuous and one system is connected to the other systems. 13. Audits can consider the performance of system interfaces. 14. True 15. Organizational job design, performance indicators and how are suppliers to be used? 16. Organizational mission statement. 17. a, b, c & d. date 2 Case Study 1 Date Incident Consequence Reported by 12/4/13 Request for employment records for a former employee Subpoena-law requirement Susan-HR department Action interpreted Date Modified File given 12/5/13 M odified By demarcation Title Sign Susans Supervisor Supervisor 1. Good quality information is necessary for finality making purposes, planning, and reference purposes as well as proper forethought of an organization. 2. The benefits of information and Knowledge management system include assisting organizations to identify, select, organize, disseminate, and transfer information. It also helps the organization to share knowledge towards meeting its objectives. It enables the organization to compare itself with its competitors. The major drawbacks include failure of the system to deliver the expected outcome and the inability to use by some users. 3. Whether it will be able to provide a basis for the valuation of the company, whether it can cause the management in order to focus on the important things and whether the investment in Knowledge caution is justified. I & KMS require that measures like tight information security be applied to the organizations information system. Con fidentiality and legal consideration while dispersing knowledge is critical, keeping the organizational success-knowledge secret for economic prosperity are some of the measures that need to be applied. 4. The type of knowledge information that a sugar impact company uses in the demand side for example, include knowledge of things like sugar consumption rate, child companies sugar production capabilities, industry sugar production capabilities, cement import and export levels. Strengths The organization

An Action Plan for Cushy Armchairs Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 5

An fulfil Plan for Cushy Armchairs - Essay ExampleEven though Sampson had new ideas and plans to change the operations in the company, it was soon found out that her directives were not being met by the company units across the world. A cognitive content that she sent to all managers in her company draws zero response and proves that she is not at the helm of affairs of the company. There could be many reasons as to why Sampson had to face trends as Cushy Armchairs. The foremost issue of immenseness is that Sampson is trying her hand at change and that all employees, irrespective of their status and positions, will pitch a tendency to resist change. It is also important to note that she has taken charge in an Asiatic country where gender-specific issues are important when taking orders. Hence she should not expect that her orders will be slow accepted as in her country in Asian regions. Sampson was also seen as making an causal agent to centralize operations of a company whos e operations were already decentralized. The stress of centralizing operations and the importance given to a central administration in her email would have turned opinion against her. Finally, email is not considered as an official form of communication in most part of the world, and hence her email could either have been discarded as a piece of informal communication or there is even the chance that the communication never got across to the right people because of lack of knowledge in operating computers or because of a lack of IT infrastructure. Her communication also lacked credibility and accountability since she did not have for acknowledgment of her communication. It may be argued that resistance to change could be the major issue that would have prompted managers in the company to resist the orders listed out by Sampson. The fact that the founder of the company was being replaced is itself a pattern for discontent within the company.

Two questions Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 2

Two questions - Essay ExampleHowever, the additional data or dealings which do non form part of the final written slim down atomic number 18 not binding upon either of the parties and are liable to dispute and debate (Jentz, Miller, and Cross). In this scenario, both the parties afford agreed to the sale of the warehouse, and thus is mentioned in the final quash. This effectively constitutes the consideration element of the contract, that is, something of value is being sold and purchased for the set amount (Jentz, Miller, and Cross). As much is binding on both the parties. However, there is no mention of the furniture stored in the warehouse in the contract. This could take either of the two courses of action if the marketer is willing to include the furniture in the transaction, they can out of their own free will, and only by and by assuring that there are no claims or restrictions attached to such a sale (Jentz, Miller, and Cross) however, if the marketer is not willing , it is not binding upon them to include the furniture in the final sale even though such intentions were previously expressed in some mutually exchanged emails. This is because of two reasons firstly, such emails were not part of the legal proceedings, and did not form part of the final sales contract and secondly, the contract all the way states that it supersedes all other related negotiations. Therefore, both the parties are responsible for only that which is specified in the contract according to the clause of the intention of legal consequences, that is, the contract being binding on both the parties (Jentz, Miller, and Cross).If the contract explicitly expresses the sale of the furniture in the warehouse, such a sale would then become

Classical Music Concert Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Classical Music contrive - Essay ExampleNaturally, the concert was entirely devoted to the cantata of Carl Orff (1895-1982) called Carmina Burana, which incorporates a prologue and three parts consisting of a number of musical movements.The first movement I would like to describe is Veris Leta Facies, the movement immediately pursuance the prologue and proceeding with its overall t whizz. According to the rules of Cantata genre, the movement focused mainly on vocal part, with the choirs being accompanied by the pianos and percussion ensemble. The mixed choir parties were mediated by piano and percussion ritornellos. The habitual atmosphere and tonality hinted at expressionistic coloring of Orffs work, for the vocal parties sounded rather minor in spite of a rather lively ritornello at the beginning. Expressionistic nature of the composition was sensed also call competent to a slight dissonance between the lyrics (the translation of which is in the program) and the tone of music . Moreover, listening to the movement, I was able to identify an allusion to and imitation of medieval music with its simple tonalities and choral singing. Although the movement featured the mixed choir, it resembled a good deal of the monophonic medieval Gregorian chants style. What is also notable about the whole concert and this movement in particular is that the instrumental accompaniment of the Cantata was performed by a minimal number of instruments though as far as I know it is traditionally played with a wide variety of instruments including woodwind instrument and brass sections.The second movement I would like to write about is no surprise one of the most famous classical vocal pieces of nowadays, a movement framing Carmina Burana, its opening and closing. The movement was characterized by a steady rhythm supported by piano and a dramatic choral parties sing by the mixed choir. Approximately, in the middle of the piece, the powerful

What different kinds of immigration to Europe have there been since Essay

What different kinds of immigration to Europe have there been since World contend II, and why - Essay Examplexxx). After the end of the World War, numerous types of immigration policies were set up. The exposition for these policies were chiefly economic however, in some cases they were also political (Parsons, Smeeding, pp. 310). However, there is no doubt that by and by 1945, Europe is marked as the continent that received an overall net flow (Salt, pp. 3). In addition, these migrations happened over a series of decades. Various dynamics and various states are involved. One type of immigration occurred indoors Europe. Western Europe consisted of the wealthier nations. These countries began employing labor from the less wealthy nations. Due to the imperative need for work eviscerate to rebuild the countries after the war, and the famine of labor due to loss of military personnel, the European Voluntary p bureautarian scheme was set up. The recruitment by Britain of about 20 0,000 male workers from refugee camps in Italy happened between the period of 1945 and 1951. The laws organisation this immigration were quite harsh, since the regulations were quite severe. They were literally bonded labor with no rights to family reunions and their misconduct could lead to their expulsion. These people were for the most part known as lymph gland workers. This system had provided the countries with the necessary labor to build the economies that were worn out by the war. However, at the beginning, as mentioned above, the guest worker system was highly strict. Eventually, the need to hold on to these workers lead to the relaxation of some rules especially when it came to family reunions. This eventually led to the admittance of women as immigrants (Toro-Morn & Alicea pp.xxi). In addition, certain guest workers also came from Mediterranean countries to meet the growing demand for labor. This immigration played a prominent role in the 1950s and until the mid 1970s . Italy was the most important recipient ant of these types of guest workers (Nijkamp, pp. 66). Countries like Germany, which were devastated by the war, had to recuperate. After the construction of the Berlin Wall in 1961, the inflow of East German workers had stopped. Hence, there was a shortage of workers (Jennissen, pp.128). Therein, became an inflow of workers. By 1970, West Germany almost had 2.1 million foreign workers (Nijkamp, pp.66). A very prominent type of immigration that occurred in the post war era was due to the decolonization process. Many French, British, Portuguese colonies had acquired exemption after the war, because these nations could not simply afford to keep their colonies intact. This led to the influx of people in twain ways. The European colonial officers and colonists all returned to Europe. Besides that, various countries notably Great Britain, France, Belgium, the Netherlands and Portugal, all documented a large number of immigration from their former colonies (Nijkamp, pp.66). London Transport enlisted members directly from the New Commonwealth countries that include African countries, the Indian sub-continent, and the Caribbean. A number of people also arrived directly in search for stop employment pursuits. Contrary to the strict regulations imposed upon the guest workers, around 350, 000 Irish men moved with their families in the period 1945 to 1959, and faced no such restrictions. They enjoyed full civil rights. Most of this type of migration was centered on three empires Dutch, French and Portuguese, and these migrations had received a large amount of scholarly interest. It is because after Britain, they were one of the largest

Majority decision in a democracy Research Paper

Majority termination in a democracy - Research Paper ExampleThis paper looks at how decisions are reached in a democratic state and argues that a decision by the majority does not necessarily continuously yield optimal results. This is because the majority of slew may not have access to crucial entropy for making informed decisions. This conundrum of how best to predominate people has confounded sages for ages going back to the generation of the ancient Greek philosophers. Various types of government styles were tried in order to find the exemplification and unblemished form of boldness that go out give the best results in terms of stability, peace and contentment for each citizens. Governance can be considered as a social experiment in which various governance structures are tried to see which works best. Governmental forms are part of the larger governmental systems of a country. Among the various forms that were quite common before (with some still existing directly i n crossbreeding forms) are monarchy, oligarchy, plutocracy, timocracy, autocracy, anarchy, democracy, socialism and republicanism, among many others. The most common form of political system prevailing in the world straight off is democracy. However, its being common does not necessarily confer it is a superior political system all that can be said about democracy is that it is the best option until a better(p) alternative can be found that best fits the objectives of a country when it comes to the issue of governance. The ideal form of government must achieve the triple purposes of peace, stability and contentment where issues and concerns of all citizens are adequately answered. This paper attempts to point out the defects and deficiencies of a democracy and also offers an exciting alternative form of conventionalism which is the elitist type of rule. The word elitist often invites a derisive connotation but it actually offers a better prospective form of governance. Elitism i s not bad per se as it envisions a rule by people best qualified to govern the rest of the people. It does not imply exclusivity as anyone who qualifies to be a penis can become one. Discussion Plato (427-347 B.C.) during his date had already seen the weaknesses of democracy. This was the reason why he advocated for a varied form of government that of the rule by the chosen few, the aristocracy. His version of aristocracy is not what we think of it today that is based on owning vast tracts of land or being fabulously wealthy rather, an aristocrat is the mortal who had been educated in philosophy and therefore knows a lot about virtues and in the exercise thereof, will engineer people into wealth and happiness. The classical definition of the word aristocracy, as far as Plato was concerned, is a rule by the best persons of a society. This idealistic state of government is rather very Utopian in aspirations, though. Plato had given up on democracy as virtually chaotic as he had seen some of its effects on Athenian society in his time, such as some make of mob rule and how the electorate or the general populace put into office during an election people who were not well qualified. A fairly strong dislike of democracy led to his criticisms that it will eventually lead to tyranny. In a sense, he was right on this aspect, as democracy can be considered as a form of tyranny, that is, tyranny by the majority on the minority. Further, Plato had only seen the nascent forms of democracy during his time in which it would still naturally and expectedly be chaotic. He had not seen how modern democracy works today in which safeguards are in place. He had regarded democracy as a poor form of government, much inferior than monarchy itself. What Plato instead argued for strongly was aristocracy, in order to put the best people into government positions and let them make all the important policy decisions. He thought that aristocrats are the best people to govern becaus e they

Urban Planning PUP200 Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Urban Planning PUP200 - Term Paper casingThis essay will seek to argue that, on the contrary, life and history do imitate art, which delegacy that popular culture, in attempting renditions of the past, can portend a significant influence on how history is told and unfolds (Starrs & husbandman 407). This proposition will be explored in the context of LAs historical attempts and efforts to secure water resources for its urban growth and planning. In addition, the proposition will also be explored in the context of political movements set up by Owens Valleys citizens to restrain LAs appropriation of its water resources, how these events are reinterpreted selectively in the blast Chinatown, and the films influence on the controversy.The conflict on water resources between Owens Valley and Los Angeles has served as an inspiration for many novelists and film makers since the 1900s with frolic and history coming together in a set of events and accounts that have greatly influenced the events as understood in popular culture, particularly in relation to interpretations on the citys conspiratorial deeds (Starrs & Farmer 408). Chinatown, released in 1974 and directed by Roman Polanski, is perhaps the most celebrated film in this genre and, although the screenplay takes acquaintance with facts and history, it still provides a forceful portrayal of power brokers in LA consistent with the manner of transform legends. The entire films timeline is shifted to 1937, objet dart the main protagonists are unscrupulous LA city planners and developers seeking to acquire erect land in an adjacent area of the city. DWP officials are seen colluding with real estate speculators through a cabalistic plan to dump LA city water so as to gain support from the prevalent during drought to issue bonds on aqueduct and dam construction. On the other hand, the urban planning leads to farmers losing their water for irrigation, while their land is taken for a pittance by syndicate buyer s and they are forced into ruin (Starrs & Farmer 408). The film leaves

What lessons can policymakers draw from our economic past Essay

What lessons fuck policymakers draw from our economic past - Essay ExampleRevolution in the late 1970s, the fiscal crisis that was precipitated as a result of drastically decreased fuel supplies, would likely not have occurred either. Further, the most late financial collapse of 2007/2008 could have at least partially been prevented was largely the result of incorrect levels of regulations sedulous to ensure correct levels of debt to equity within the banking systems existed around the globe. As a function of analyzing these three crises and displace useful inference with respect to how experts and policymakers can engage these lessons to ameliorate such threats, it is the look forward to of this student that this discourse will be useful with regard to providing useful inference and applicable best practices that can aid future decisions.without question, wizard of the most impactful economic disasters that has taken place during the course of human history is that of the n eat Depression. At the conclusion of the First World War, individuals around the globe began to see a glimmer of hope (Mitchner & Mason, 2013). Seeking to rebuild their lives, engaged in commerce and calling, and establish something of a new world order, business rapidly expanded and a renewed level of optimism helped to create and overinflated investment compevery grocery store. Although many individuals, wrongly symptoms that the stock market crash of 1929, also referred to as Black Friday, was responsible for ushering in the Great Depression, it was only one aspect of the that contribute to economic hardships and difficulties that were exhibited over the next decade (Alumnia et al., 2010).Shortly after the stock market collapse, individuals began to realize that the sheer magnitude of money that was lost equated to nearly $40 billion in 1929 money. As a result of this, a desire to lay hands on material resources and resist any further drops in value or loss to financial instru ments created a run on the banks (Andrews, 2013). delinquent to the fact that banks did not have a requirement

Exp Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Exp - Essay Example utilise gloves during the collection of the diphenylmethanol, 30g of crushed ice was placed in a 250mL beaker, and 3mL of concentrated HCL was then carefully added to the cold water. The reception mixture was then slowly poured into the acid in the fumehood very carefully so as to avoid foaming over. The solid product was collected by suction filtration, and the crystals were washed twice with 15mL of ice-cold water. The crystals were dried thoroughly to avoid recrystallisation due to hexane being immiscible with water. Once dried, the vulgar product was weighed, and a crude yield was calculated. 0.1 of the crude product was then placed aside for later tender loving care analysis.During the tercet stage, the crude product was recrystalised from hexane. Care was taken not to use too much solvent, and because hexane is flammable and has a low boiling point, the hot plate settings were kept below maximum in order to minimise the risk of fire. The purified diphen ylmethanol was then collected, and its mass was determined once dry. The percentage recovery of the recrystallisation and the overall yield of the reaction were both calcuated. 0.1g of the recrystallised product was kept aside for later TLC analysis. The melting point of the recrystallised material was instantly able to be determined at some point, or else during the next stage.For the TLC analysis, solutions were prepared of benzophenone, crude diphenylmethanol, and recrystallised diphenylmethanol, by dissolving 0.1g of solid in 1 ml of dichloromethane. It was recommended to use vials instead of test tubes for this purpose. The eluant for evolution the TLC was 1 mL of ethyl acetate dissolved in 5 mL of ligroin, and 12mL of this eluant was required. The TLC was spotted with the three solutions and the plate developed. The spots were then circled under the UV lamp, and the Rf values were

Report Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words - 23

Report - Essay ExampleFrom the concerted effort, I make during financial planning and subsequently presenting this report to you, presents Yorkshire twist Society with an opportunity to grow its revenues at a more accelerated pace. Through this financial plan, you have been presented with the numerical logic for decision making. In addition, it serves to award the Yorkshire create Societys Board where the need to employ its resources for maximum returns and costs management. Through effectual financial management, Yorkshire Building Society, through its Board, will be able to set aside enough specie for marketing this new venture, expanding its operations to bring about more growth. Through this plan, I specifically intercommunicate the required start-up costs, breakeven analysis, forecasted profit and loss, forecasted cash flow, and projected balance sheet. Additionally, financial ratios were conducted to show the expected performance.Having a just financial plan is a good st arting point for answering the vituperative and fundamental questions on how much it will cost Yorkshire Building Society to get the venture started. The plan by Yorkshire Building Society to start a new business requires that it determines its budgetary needs in a critical manner. Since every business is unique from each other, it has its particular monetary needs at various stages of it development. In estimating the initial capital outlay, I considered the size of our company since there does not exist any global approach for estimating the start-up costs. Some investment would require considerable investment in equipment and inventory. Additionally, there will be costs involved in the acquisition of the new investment trust in Leeds. Some of the costs that Yorkshire Building Society will incur will be one-off costs as is the case with the new store and the fee for the new venture. Other costs will

Employee relations(Royal Mail) Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Employee relations(Royal Mail) - Essay ExampleIt is at this time that the multitude started forming groups and placing their demands together. That is when the concept of union took birth and the people started getting unionized. The union started placing demand in the form of collective bargain. There were other methods of negotiations too that were developed. It is in the following pages that this method of negotiation of conflict is discussed. the process of discussion follows the critical analysis of the success and military capability of the collective bargaining method from the view point of different researchers and then going on to contemplate the other methods of negotiation.According to Aidt and Tzannatos, who studied the effect of collective bargaining on the macro scotch environment, found that ceteris paribus the countries that gestate high levels of coordinated collective bargaining are accompanied by low levels of unemployment. It is found that in the countries wh ere there is more than coordinated bargaining the quality and the quantity of the job increase (Aidt and Tzannatos, 2002). In some other paper the researchers argue that countries where there is high levels of bargaining there is poor performance on the scotch front. However the adverse effects of the bargaining coverage can be covered by more coordinated effort towards bargaining. The researchers argue that the process of bargaining efforts is most important in times of economic growth rather than in stable economic conditions (Aidt, and Tzannatos, 2008). According to the researcher individual representation is steady becoming a fact to place ones demands in the private sector for a wide transmutation of reasons. Thus the author argues that in case of modern private organization the significance of collective bargaining is on the decline (Troy, 2000).according to card the effectiveness of the collective bargaining mechanism or the fact nearly whether the collective

British Olympic Team Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

British surpassing group - Essay ExampleBill Sweetenham, the national swimming coach, said In swimming, we have the belabor facilities in the top 20 countries in the world. Thats not investing in sport - thats neglect and negligence. none of the 36 British exceptional swimmers trains at a London club (Londonpoolscampaign.com 2004).Financing sport is an investment make for future. Many promising athletes may not reach the Olympic podium because of need for information facilities of world- bod, which are currently in great deficit. There is a certain positive trends in this flying field Under the plans, young children aged between 10 and 16 will be able to turn in for grants of up to 20,000 to help fund their training programmes (The Evening Standard 2004, p.6).Situation described above is a significant subject to the study of the degree lack of facilities has on the overall performance of British Olympic Team. Many of contemporary UK athletes were trained on the base of sport d evelopment level achieved in earlier years. Therefore their current performance may seem contrasting. However it is extremely important to determine what feign will have the current UK policy of investments in sport on the British Olympic Team of tomorrow. In the light of Olympic bid made for London 2012 it is crucial to find out whether UK has comme il faut facilities of world-class to contain an Olympic capital for the year 2012.The query of the impact the lack of facilities has on the ov... class events and ethically fair and drug-free sport - aims considered by UK Sports as their mission - would help not yet to determine whether it needs changes, but also could help to indicate what changes are needed.This proposal gives an insight on how the subject research should be held. Starting from questions raising it describes methodology, which should be used when conducting the research. Interviewing and questionnaires were chosen as the chief(prenominal) sources of data gatheri ng. Additionally a case study of UK swimming could prove useful for demonstrating the results of survey.ImplicationsImplications that should be considered when conducting the proposed research can be divided into two groups research methods-related limitations and ethics-related considerations. Later on in the proposal both(prenominal) of these groups will be examined with more detail. It is important to stress that if not considered each of these implications could mislead researchers into false outcomes and and so inadequate recommendations on the investment policy.Research questionThe research proposed will try to determine what deposit in the overall victor of British Olympic Team, clearly illustrated at Athens is taken by governmental support, or more generally to what extent does lack of facilities have on the overall success of the British Olympic TeamProposed MethodsDesign of the StudyTo answer questions pointed out in previous sections I suggest victimization a combinat ion of a survey and a case study design. Arguments for using these methods are as follows survey belongs to descriptive methods of research providing a descriptive information, which enables generalization to be made surveys gather data at a certain point in time to describe the vivacious conditions, therefore they are economically

Journal article review Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Journal review - name ExampleThe same children perfectly conveyed probability concepts thru their own drawings, in which they described certain events that were impossible, likely and marvellous to happen. In other study, a teacher used an ordinary game with rolling dices, known to children of trine grades, to convey the idea of experimental and theoretical probability. Children clearly understood how to use a fraction to spiel theoretical probability of events, in this case, sum of the rolling dices. The author in her work described the methodological analysis about how to teach a complex mathematical concept to students of third of graders.Probability is a philosophical category, indicating the quantitative extent of the possible emergence of random events with fixed monitoring conditions, characterizing the stability of their relative frequencies. An unsubdivided grade school teacher needs to convey this complex message to the small children. This is a unenviable task, but has to be done. Educators task is to build strong foundations in the minds of those small children for future learning of mathematics. How to do it? This is where we need NCTM content and process standards. NCTM content and process standards describe in detail about how to complete this task. harmonise to NCTM, educators need to build a curriculum focal point, to relate ideas, concepts, skills, and procedures that will serve the finding of building foundation in childrens mind. To help the educators, NCTM has created a set of curriculum focal points. According to NCTM, it helps the educators to design and organize the next revisions of their expectations, standards, curriculum, and assessment programs. NCTM process standards emphasize on three things, (1) Problem Solving, (2) debate and Proof, (3) Communication.I am now going to provide an analysis of Elaine Youngs article to plant if it corresponds to NCTM content and process standards. The name of the article

Peace between Israel and Palestine Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Peace between Israel and Palestine - Essay idealThis is no easy task but acceptance that this will never come into fruition is resulting to a defeatist stance that humanity stick out non afford. The quiescence process is an arduous task that must be tackled with trueness and with realistic goals. The first step towards coming to an agreement and bringing the leaders of the two states back to the peace tables is to ensure that there will be a cease fire among all forces especially thievery attacks and those that would inflict casualties among civilians. This would necessarily entail a neutralization of the extremist groups which must be held accountable for without heart or impunity. The most important disposition in both sides is the ardent belief that peace can be achieved. This must be built on an internal understanding and desire toward that purpose, otherwise, as had been persistently observed from Israel negotiators it will all for naught. The One Voice Movement offers an e ncouraging model that peace is not centrally for the benefit of groups, their interests and their spite. It is fundamentally about the people who themselves bugger off understood that peace is the only port to stop all the fighting and cut the losses while there is still something left. The organization is do up of Palestinians and Israelis in their own commonwealth and those abroad through an international unit. This is a grassroots hatchway aimed to remind and enlighten the two sides and the international community that The majority of people on both sides light up that they have everything to gain by ensuring the independence and security of the other and thus be prepared to compromise in order to do so (One Voice Movement, n.p.). This conflict is rooted among the most fundamental issues that had delimit many wars throughout world history. The recognition of religious differences cannot be disregarded in this political and heathenish conflict. The Palestinian Arabs and th e Jewish Israelis had been battling not only for land but also for identity. The 1967 War was a arctic moment in this conflict. I agree with experts that the occupation of Palestinian lands by the Israeli forces was a authorised moment that aggravated the dispute into epic proportions. The destabilization by Israel over the Gaza Strip and its current repute must come to an end. The demand by Palestine over the return of this piece of the earth and much importantly of their refugees had been on-going for decades (Heise, n.d., pp.2-3). In this regard, a major change came almost too close, The 2002 Arab Peace Initiative would have provided Israel recognition throughout the Arab world in exchange for a pullout from territory conquered in 1967 (The Associated Press, 2013, n.p.) These kinds of initiatives are what the time calls for. We cannot undermine the reality that external forces are necessary to move closer to that elusive peace. The land over which blood has been spilt has bee n claimed by both Israel and Palestine not only on territorial origination but more inherently by religious basis that transcend people and groups. This is why no matter how many changes have occurred through leadership and membership, their idealism remains. If there is something more moving than snub idealism, it is religious idealism. The emphatic understanding of the call of the people who suffer and who live with the consequences of their leaders actions must prevail. In the international realm,

Crime Prevention and Social Complexity of Crime Essay

Crime Prevention and Social complexity of Crime - Essay ExampleIn other words it can be understood that annoyance is real much a human act and if we take out the civilization clause from the mental lexicon of human society and make it equivalent to the savagery, this wickedness is not exactly some amour which can be termed inhumane. Its something place in truly nature of humans and they technically possess every characteristic of an animal. It is a menace that is comparable to anything that has been faced by the society in past but is actually a very intelligent form of threat that waits for the opportunity to transform its ability into an act of crime under the twine of desire. indeed this phenomenon of crime is basically an action which involves at least two human beingnesss with integrity being the perpetrator and the other one is the victim.Crime bar is another part of the solution that has to tackle the accessible complexity of crime. Though the sound procedures and enforcement agencies are very much present to redress the problem, they prolong miserably failed to provide something which will have some long term impact. They actually provide security all through prosecution or through prevention. Prosecution leads to arrest and a whole lot of legal procedures including the judgment and imprisonment. Prevention deals with stopping a criminal from committing something heinous. The option of committing a crime is to be closed. Hence the target issue is the creation the hindrance for a criminal through wide spread preventative measures being implemented through every single home to any of the working place or public place present in the locality. The important point is to shield oneself from being a victim. The crime and its different techniques have to be made understood to each and every person. Right from the beginning i.e., during childhood, one should be made aware of the prevention procedures and the importance of it has to be made a part of the discern thought process. But still after this much precaution the outcome of these procedures has been found to be very much limited and the crime rate is on its way to rise and rise.The most important thing is to act against the cause that make a criminal rather than reducing the opportunities for him to commit some crime. We have to realize that this criminal has been developed from this society only and the problem is in the social pattern and collectible to these patterns we have to face certain people who have got out of the normal way of social lifespan and are acting against the group of which it is a very important part. So the tonic crime prevention should deal with the very cause of creation of a criminal and factors fuelling its growth.Crime Prevention Plan of the new societyThe humans have reached to the current age of information after getting a design of destruction and wars. Initially, it had to fight adversities of earth and its surroundings and after th e formation of some civilization, it

Deforestation Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Deforestation - Research Paper ExampleThe average frontal temperature of the globe has augmented more than 1 degree Fahrenheit since 1900 and the speed of melting has been almost one-third folds the century long average since 1970 (Global warming). Eilperin (2009) mentioned that the earths surface temperature has been change magnitude around 0.750 C during the survive century itself and the atmospherical temperature may even go up by 6 degrees before the decision of the current century (Eilperin). Global warming and climate changes are some of the worst lines facing by the hu musical composition community at present. Atmospheric temperature is rising rapidly for the last few decades and as a result of that unexpected weather calamities are occurring. Many studies have proved that the average atmospheric temperature has increased more than 1 degree Fahrenheit since 1900. Sea level rise is another major problem created by spheric warming. It should be noted that atmospheric tem perature rise increases the melting of huge ice blocks from pivotal Regions and as a result of that sea level is increasing gradually. Unexpected floods, storms, earthquakes, tsunami, etc are other problems associated with global warming. Plenty of primings were cited for global warming problems. Some people believe that manmade activities are causing global warming whereas others are of the view that solar activities are causing these problems. In any case, one thing is sure- atmospheric temperature is rising much rapidly at present. Greenhouse shooter emissions from automobiles and industrial units are often cited as the major reason for global warming how of all time, many people believe that deforestation is the major reason for global warming and climate change problems.... But when forests are logged or burnt, that carbon is released into the atmosphere, increasing the list of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases and accelerating the rate of climate change. So much ca rbon is released that they contribute up to one-fifth of global man-made emissions, more than the worlds entire transport sector (Deforestation and climate change). Human consumes atomic number 8 from atmosphere for breathing purpose whereas plants or forests consume carbon dioxide from atmosphere for making food or photosynthesis process. It should be noted that plants are the only food manufacturers in this world and all the other surviving things rely heavily on plants in one way or another for their food needs. On the other hand, atmospheric carbon dioxide is essential for the food manufacturing processes of the plants. Plants have the ability of liberating type O to atmosphere at the time of food manufacturing. In other words, plants consume carbon dioxide and liberate oxygen to atmosphere. Forests are our aver natural resources which no man can imitate. It has its own part in the biodiversity of life even if man refuses to acknowledge them. One of the most important roles o ur forests play is absorbing carbon dioxide from the airtons of it, for that matter. Without them, the ever harmful carbon dioxide will just float above our heads, further increasing greenhouse gas emissions (How Deforestation Affects Climate Change). There is a balance between the volume of carbon dioxide and the volume of oxygen in the atmosphere. Plants are responsible for maintaining this oxygen-carbon dioxide ration in atmosphere. It should not be forgotten that carbon and its oxides manage carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide etc have the ability to increase

Diversity in the Workplace Essay Example for Free

revolution in the Workplace Essay inconsistency ar more vernacular in workplaces, because some citizenry only think of difference as making a sign and judgment of a soulfulness based on colorize of skin. Discrimination goes far beyond color of skin. A person drive out be disseminated agonist for their hop on, disability, gender, religion, or even for being pregnant. In a workplace there are standards and policies in place to decrease the chances of a person being discriminated against. When the lag is diverse in a workplace, discrimination slight likely to happen. The Equal Employment Opportunity thrill indicates that it is illegal to discriminate against a job applicant or an employee because of the persons race, color, religion, sex, national origin, age or disability (). I experienced discrimination in the workplace, and after making an EEO (Equal Employment Opportunity) bang on a supervisory program, she became more discriminatory towards me.The supervisor wou ld make racist statements, once she found come forward I put an EEO complaint in on her, she would deliberately change my schedule, and put me on shifts that I could not work, to get me to end. Most places do not give set schedules which means a person works the same shift and works the same hours on the same days. However, the position I worked, was a set schedule position. After going through weeks of the hostile environment, and continued derogatory statements, I quit as it was stressing me out, which caused me to lose severe weight. There are federal and state legislation that supports fair and sincere practices in the workplace.Federal legislations that supports fair practices include act VII of the Civil Rights practice of 1964 (Title VII), which prohibits piece of work discrimination based on race, color, religion, sex, or national origin The Equal Pay Act of 1963 (EPA), which protects men and women who practise substantially equal work in the same establishment from s ex-based wage discrimination (Scott, 2014). the Age Discrimination in Employment Act of 1967 (ADEA), which protects individuals who are 40 years of age or older Title I and Title V of the Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990, as amended (ADA), which prohibit employment discrimination against suitable individuals with disabilities in the private sector, and in state and local governments Sections 501 and 505 of the Rehabilitation Act of 1973, which prohibit discrimination against sufficient individuals with disabilities whowork in the federal government Title II of the Genetic Information Nondiscrimination Act of 2008 (GINA), which prohibits employment discrimination based on genetic information about an applicant, employee, or former employee and The Civil Rights Act of 1991, which, among other things, provides monetary damages in cases of intentional employment discrimination (Scott, 2014). There are responsibilities that homo race resource managers should uphold to protect the employees from discrimination in the workplace.It is important for gentleman beings profit mangers to strive to befool a diverse workplace, while maintaining sensibleness of equal employment legislation and plausive action (Lewis, Packard, Lewis, 2012). man service mangers objectives should include, but are not limited to promoting awareness of workplace diversity, develop and maintain a highly skilled, diverse and effective workforce, where all employees and members are valued, encouraged and provided with opportunities to develop their potential (Workplace Diversity, 2014). It I s also import to develop a supportive workplace assimilation which allows employees and members to balance their work and individualized life, and provide a discrimination and harassment free workplace and embrace workplace diversity principles in recruitment and selection processes (Workplace Diversity Plan, 2014). It is important for human service mangers and others who make decision to be aware of the effects of their practices (book). Their practices could either make the ecesis more effective and receptive, or continue discrimination against, women, antiquated people, color people, and others (Lewis, Packard, Lewis, 2012).There are some(prenominal) strategies involved in risk management. One strategy is human resources being accountable and responsible for providing information and recommendations about local, state and federal laws pertaining to uprightness and human rights, including an affirmative action place (Lewis, Packard, Lewis, 2012). When human resource management are aware of their practices, human service organizations less likely to have cases of discrimination in the workplace. Another strategy is providing training in diversity and equity to increase knowledge and understanding of critical issues, improve job-related skills, develop leadership, and ensure responsive, sensitive support for individuals (Workplace Diversity Plan, 2014). Diversity within the workplace are paramount for human service workers and for management of human service organizations, because humanservice organizations can offer services to a more diverse community with staff, who are culturally competent. This makes them able to give services to all group of people leaving no delusion for discrimination.When a human service organization is committed to helping children who are sexually abused, these is no path for discrimination. Diversity is important in the dream organization called ChildFocus Sexual Abuse Organization (CFSAO), as many children will be from different ethnic backgrounds, with different beliefs, and different social-economics statues. The experience explained above consists of a supervisor making racist statements. In the CFSAO, diversity would have a huge influence on the clients as well as the human service workers. Racism would have a negative impact on the sexual abused children, which would further traumatize and victimize a chi ld. It is necessary for the staff to be culturally competent, and sensitive to the experiences of all sexually abused children and their families. Culturally competency would apply to the development and management aspects of human services, because it provides human service workers with effective services that are equally accessible to each of the diverse groups that the organization serves.In conclusion, there are federal and local laws that protect people from being discriminated in the workplace. The human resource managers should be aware of their practices during the interview and hiring process, by hiring a more diverse group of people for a human service organization. This would decrease the chances of human service workers or clients from being discriminated against. There are strategies that can help human service agencies decrease discrimination in a workplace which can include promote awareness in the workplace diversity, and develop a supportive workplace culture which allows employees and members to balance their work and personal life (Work Diversity Plan, 2014). It also important for human service workers to be culturally competent, so they are capable of serving all groups of people from different backgrounds.

Incest in America Essay Example for Free

Incest in America EssayNowadays, incest is viewed as mavin of the most harassing aspects of electric shaver rib, since it is likely to result in psychological trauma and face long-lasting negative effects in terms of healthy personality development. Governors Commission on municipal fury defines incest as overt and/or covert sexual contact or acts between hatful who are related genetically, by marriage, by living arrangements, or in whom a electric shaver perceives a trusting relationship, for example parents, grandparents, siblings, aunts, uncles, cousins, step-parents, foster parents. Incest is one of the most common practices of squirt sexual abuse (Governors Commission on Domestic Violence, 1996, p. 37). Unfortunately, the U. S. statistics on this topic is barely available, as the entitled investigateers have approach merely to reported cases, which give following information 46 per cent of child rapists are family members, 70 per cent of whom have been at least once imprisoned (ibid).Nevertheless, the statistics suggests that incestual relationship might occur sluice in non-deviant, decent nuclear families, because the positive correlation between the rapists previous crimes and child sexual abuse points merely to the occurrence that such crimes are more frequently discovered. The causes of incest can be categorized into three groups biological, sociological and psychological. Biological factors indicate that certain percentage of inbreeding is important any remains of inbreeding that is reasonably possible would not greatly reduce the heterozygosity of the population (Williams, 1994, p.1167), but this approach doesnt truly clarify the reasons for child sexual abuse. Sociological perspective is oriented to societal factors, such as popularisation of sexuality in its variant forms (including illegal distribution of child pornography) and the societal roots of deviance as the violation of sociocultural patterns of sexual demeanor in macrosociological terms, sexual misdemeanour of children might be root in fond inequality, distortion of family constructs (family roles and responsibilities) and anomia, i. e., poor implication of moral values in certain nine of community (ibid).Psychological factors also enjoy diversity that includes the presence of personality, mental health and sexual disorders (pedophilia) and predispositions to sadistic behavior in abusers, so that family members can use sexual assault as a form of punishment as well as the means of satisfaction their sexual needs. It needs to be note that incest is unacceptable from both sociological and psychological positions, so this crime intrinsically implies certain every social or personality pathology (Sedlack and Broadhurst, 1996).The main effects of incest on child can be explained through the charm of the abuse on child behavior and the coping mechanisms, which arise in response to the harassment. First of all, the child experiences fear and powerlessness, since they can no eternal control his/her life and body, if the victim is aged over 7-8, he/she normally feels shame, responsibility and guilt, as the small individual already understands that normal order of things has been upset, but soundless has underdeveloped mechanisms of cognition to realize the depth of the problem.Furthermore, such traumatic experience detaches the child from non-offending parents, brothers and sisters. This isolation much leads to the child being labeled as divers(prenominal), a problem, or in some way different from their siblings. Children feel betrayed because they are dependent upon adults for nurturing and protection and the offender is someone who they should be able to love and trust. They whitethorn also feel betrayed by a non-offending parent who they believe has failed to protect them (Putnam, 1989, p. 271).If the assault takes regulates regularly throughout the long period, the underage victim is likely to suffer from nightma res and flashbacks, including hysterics, unexplainable tearfulness, rapid and momentary mood changes. Moreover, the research reports the increase of aggressiveness in such children such destructive impulses can be directed either on childs personality (and consequently affects internal world, thoughts, reflections) or towards external objects and other individuals (including the abuser and non-offending family members).Adams argues that both overt and emotional (treating the child like ones partner without direct sexual assault) incest finally amplifies the victims aggressiveness, hostility and irritability, and substantially inhibits his/her social skills, making the child reluctant to gain new contacts with coevals (Adams, 1991). As for the coping mechanisms, the victims of intrafamilial sexual assaults usually develop memory suppression, dissociation and denial. keeping suppression implies voluntary forgetting of the negative emotional states, ensured during the abuse. The vict ims therefore attempt to separate the negative incest experience from conscious(p) awareness. Dissociation is a way in which some children survive abuse by escaping mentally man the abuse is happening. The body and the mind seem to separate. While the body is being hurt, the child no longer feels it because the mind manages to escape to a perceived safe place. Different children may dissociate in different ways.One example is leaving the body and floating on the ceiling over the bed where the abuse is occurring (Williams, 1994, p. 1171). Denial, as a rule, has two forms denying the fact of incest and disclaiming the negative moral evaluation, which can be given to the fact (Its not actually wrong). The most dangerous about these mechanisms is their critical impact on the victims social functioning, as these defenses are aimed at maintaining physical survival, neglecting thus the related impairment of emotional state.Those family members, who become aware of intrafamilial sexual a ssault, normally decide on the strategy of non-intervening, since this phenomenon often takes place in authoritarian families, where everyone has certain degree of fear for the perpetrator. Due to the fact that the forceful sexual contacts usually occur between potent adults and female children (father and daughter) (Governors Commission on Domestic Violence, 1996) and that the same male adult often commits violence over his match, it is possible to presume that the entire family is intimidated by the perpetuator.As for the impact on the criminal him/herself, this person, as psychological research suggests, gradually develops sadistic propensities (Williams, 1994) and expresses cruelty when sexually abusing the child. If family havent yet noticed the internal incestual relationship, the perpetuator utilizes certain methods of maintaining secrecy and becomes more reserved and dumb even in the most trivial daily routines.Moreover, such criminals become increasingly more imposture and create a special communicative code, understandable only for his/herself and the child in order to invoke the organization of incestual relationship. In addition, perpetuators also use denial and rationalization as defense mechanisms (ibid), since intrafamilial sexual assault causes psychological trauma in the abuser, who breaks his/her moral convictions or the basic principles of societal coexistence.The major indicators of incest include 1) childs confessions/reports 2) noticeable fear of certain family member 3) extremely sophisticated understanding of sexual behavior 4) persistent and inappropriate sexual bring in with peers, toys, animals or themselves 5) sexual themes in the childs artwork, stories or play 6) remainder disturbances and nightmares 7) marked changes in appetite8) parentified or adultified behaviour e. g.acting like a parent or spouse 9) poor or deteriorating relationships with peers 10)self-mutilation cutting of arms, legs, burning home made tattoos. Suic idal feelings and suicide attempts (Saunders et al , 2001, p. 8). The liquidation of post-incestual effects usually correlates with treatment for post-traumatic disorder, but it is important to note that such trauma might cause irreversible changes in the victims convictions and perceptions (in adulthood coitophobia, sociophobia, claustrophobia).As a rule, psychiatrists use cognitive bear on therapy in order to provide appropriate cognitive restructuring and systematic desensitization concerning the negative memories dynamic play therapy (using puppets when expressing fears) art therapy family therapy (aimed at supporting the victims re-adjustment to the family environment) and attachment-trauma therapy (based upon placing the child into emotionally warm and friendly environment) (ibid). quasi(prenominal) psychological aid should be provided to the perpetuator either in mental health or in playpen institutions they receive special cognitive-behavioral training, pharmaceutical tr eatment, but as a rule, the major intervention frameworks insist on complete separation of the abuser from the victim (Putnam, 1989), as the childhood experiences tend to return after concourse the perpetuator.Works cited Adams, K.(1991) Silently Seduced When Parents Make Their Children Their Partners, Understanding Covert Incest. HCI. Governors Commission on Domestic Violence. (1996). The Children of Domestic Violence A Report of the Governors Commission on Domestic Violence of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts Boston. Commonwealth of Massachusetts. Putnam, F. (1989). diagnosis and Treatment of Multiple Personality Disorder. New York Guilford Press. Saunders, B. , Berliner, L. and Hanson, R. (2001).Guidelines for the Psychological Treatment of Intrafamilial Child Physical and familiar Abuse. Charleston, SC Authors. Sedlak, A. and Broadhurst, D. (1996). Executive Summary of the Third National Incidence Study of Child Abuse and Neglect. Washington, DC U. S. part of Health and Hum an Services. Williams, L. (1994). Recall of Childhood Trauma A Prospective Study of Womens Memories of Child Sexual Abuse. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology 62 (6) 1167-176.

Abolitionism - African American Essay Example for Free

Abolitionism African American EssayWith abolition is install the gate vogue towards savedom. The African American influence in this area was of great authority especially in rural districts much(prenominal) as Lancaster and Chester Counties (Pennsylvania). In these groups sometimes the scurrilouss worked alone and sometimes they partnered with exsanguines. With this movement, African Americans used tool force to gain what they wanted (Bordewich, 138). Abolitionism was a great aid in spearheading the rights of blacks serving as soldiers.The abolitionism movement was fueled with evangelical religion, which deemed slavery as a sin. With this motto, members of the movement (both white and black) demanded that slavery be done with(p) away with, and terminated completely (Glatthaar, 15). The abolition movement is one in which its essential existence is tied integrally with that of African Americans, for it is their freedom which is at stake and is the goal of the movement. In the abolition movement is be the beginnings of the Anti-Slavery Society that has this as its constitution,This Society shall aim to elevate the character and condition of the people of color, by boost their intellectual, moral and religious improvement, and by removing public prejudice, that thus they may, according to their intellectual and moral worth, share an comparability with the whites, of civil and religious privileges and this Society will never, in any way, countenance the oppressed in vindicating their rights by resorting to physical force.Here is established the beating heart of the movement, to liberate the black community, and restore to them their God-given rights as humans to live freely, without adversity, without a fundamental challenge to their worth as part of humanity. Conclusion The unnumerable of influences the African American culture and people had on the polite War is vast in its subjects, from black soldiers, the abolitionists, to their role in re ligion, African Americans have proven that their participation in the urbane War is essential. scurrilous soldiers were only given praise and trustworthiness after they had proven themselves in the field of battle as equal compatriots to the Northern white soldier. During the clandestine times of the Underground Railroad, African Americans showed their dedication, and their strength of will through traveling thousands of miles to be free, and then they traversed the same paths in order to allow for other fugitives to find their way to the North. In Frederick Douglass there was found a man who stood for what he believed, non only in speech, but also in action.His deliberate animosity to ignorance in owning slaves helped to fuel the fires of the abolition movement, and thus the public cognisance and knowledge of what slavery truly is a vile creature, distorted with hate, and allowed to live only through dictatorship, and autocracy. McPherson states of the Civil War, The Lincoln adm inistration and the Republican press, even antislavery newspapers such as the new York Tribune, declared emphatically that the settle of the war was the restoration of the Union, and that the issues of slavery and the Negro had nothing to do with the conflict (22).Without the establishment of the Underground Railroad, the libertyist movement, and the fight for freed blacks to become soldiers, the Civil War would not hold for a history closely the emancipation of a airstream, but the unification of a country instead. The ultimate influence that the African Americans had in the Civil War was their participation in all aspects of it they were not going to be denied their human right to be their own masters, and without their voices and contributions in the war, slavery might not be an old issue.Without the personal stories of African Americans such as Frederick Douglass then the war would be empty of freedom. As McPherson quotes of Susie King Taylor, In this land of the free we are burned, tortured, and denied a fair trial, murdered for any imaginary wrong conceived in the brain of the negro-hating white man. There is no redress for us from a government which promised to protect all under its flag. It seems a mystery to me. They say, One flag, one nation, one country indivisible. Is this true?Can we say this truthfully, when one race is allowed to burn, hang, and inflict the most horrible torture weekly, monthly, on another? No, we cannot sing, My country, t is of thee, Sweet land of emancipation It is hollow mockery. The Southland laws are all on the side of the white, and they do just as they like to the negro, whether in the right or not(313). African Americans made this their war. Through fortitude and strength of will, they placed their credit in the decency of the Northern states and abolitionists to see the truth of the hate and prejudice in the country.The Civil War would not be about freedom, and the extraction of the activity of slavery in Americ a if not for African Americans. African Americans paved the way for their own rebellion by speaking up, by acting, by using their talents in the field of battle and fighting for themselves, for liberation, for their sisters, brothers, mothers, and fathers. Without the influence of African Americans, the Civil War would have been just about unification.Work Cited Bordewich, Fergus M.Bound for Canaan. The Underground Railroad and the War for The Soul of America. HarperCollins, New York. 2005. Elkins, Stanely. Slavery. University of Chicago Press. 1976. Glatthaar, Joseph T. Forged in date The Civil War Alliance of Black Soldiers and White Officers. The Free Press. New York, 1991. McPherson, James M. The Negros Civil War. Pantheon Books. New York, 1965. McPherson, James M. Ordeal by Fire. McGraw Hill. New York. 2001 Tracy, O. 2005. http//www. teacheroz. com/index. htm.

Literacy Narrative Essay Example for Free

Literacy Narrative EssayDue Date Friday night, September 6th by midnight in the digital dropbox on AngelDesired Learning Outcomes1.Understand our personal development as readers and writers or persons2.Explore writing as a means of self-discovery3.Choose the appropriate voice, diction, and earshot for a personal literacy narrative4.Use discordant invention, drafting and revising/editing strategies as needed5.Demonstrate appropriate conventions of grammar and style of written English6.Use engineering science effectively and correctly to complete the assignmentREADINGS FOR PAPER1.Norton, Chapter 7 pen a Literacy Narrative, Chapter 40 Narrating, and Chapter 57 additional examples of literacy narratives to be selected by the instructor 2. Quick Access Concise, Chapter 1 Understanding College and Other Writing Situations and Chapter 7a c Strategies for Writing Typical Kinds of College PapersASSIGNMENTAfter completing the readings for this assignment, follow the guidelines in Chap ter 7 of your Norton Field Guide, particularly pages 43-46. Additional tips on the writing process itself appear in the chapter, as well up as samples from professional writers. As your text advises, follow these steps. 1.Choose a topic. A single event that you pull away vividly would be a unplayful choice. See the suggestions on page 43.2.Consider the rhetorical situation, particularly your audience and stance. Your instructor will discuss conventions in more detail, but this type of writing does not rent a formal tone and may use the first person (I). Grammar andformat, however, need to be correct. 3.Be sure you downstairsstand the nature of narrating (Chapter 40) and have the kinds of details and stance that motivate and excite your readers. A good narrative always has an element of conflict. 4.Apply the information in your Field Guide on generating ideas, drafting, and revising under the direction of your instructor.

The Right to Vote Essay Example for Free

The Right to Vote EssayIn this research paper, I intend to poll the diachronic founts and public moldivities that created a ground for semipolitically unprivileged portion of eighteenth and 19th century joined States society to ex fight back their dissatisfaction and the desire to have a duty(a) to vote. I will study how pertinent historical examples took place in different assigns or towns, how did the municipal and state authorities respond to them, how the press illustrated these events and what take aim of impact the events had on the future of the democratization of the voting process in the United States. As a result of this study, I aim to explain how politically discriminated portions of the society did obtain a reclaim to vote through the democratic process and what factors assisted to this process. My working hypothesis would argue that obtaining a right to vote in the United States society was the product of constitutional conventions, rapid increase in the go of population that resulted in majority of them having an economic participation but no political participation and the defining of political parties that competed for votes.My research will focus on books that give the account of historic events that unfolded in 18th and 19th century regarding the democratization of the right to vote, much(prenominal) as black lovage Keyssars work on the right to vote the contested history of nation in United States, and newspaper accounts that illustrated or set forth the relevant events, informed the society on what different intellectuals think ab fall out the issue and raised the aggregate awareness regarding the problem that should be resolved. For example, Albion Tourgee begins his articleThe Right to Vote by bringing different questions, such as what is the right to vote, how to regulate it, limits of state and national authority, in what manner it should be asserted and to whom does it attach. Also, the monthly law reported on 1 853 describes the constitutional convention that was held in the state of Massachusetts, the outcome of the event and how the event would impact the process of democratization of political power.Such historical articles or reports illustrate that the majority of inhabitants or citizens had a desire to know their rights betterand participate in the political process of the town, state or the country, thus impact the political process.Alexander Keyssar in his book The right to vote brings important historical events, such as the formation of constitutional conventions, increase in the number of population of states, physical act of voting, conduct of elections, voting requirements, property and tax requirements, differences in the state and local eligibility and their role in the democratization of the voting process in the United States. For instance, Alexander Keyssar mentions that between 1790 and the 1850s, every state held at least(prenominal) one constitutional convention, and more than a few held several.The issues addressed by these conventions were many, but almost forever a key concern was the distribution of power among the increasingly diverse residents of separately state.While examining the in a higher place mentioned historical and other relevant data, I will be studying the level of impact of each event. I will examine how each event that are mentioned in the Alexander Keyssar kit and boodle or in the works of other scholars and which are illustrated by journals and newspapers allowed the politically discriminated portion of the society raise their voices and concerns and wad the road allowed them to gain a political power and obtain a right to vote toilet the process of democratization.By conducting the analysis, I aim to rate the level of importance of each historical event or public activity and analyze the role of each stakeholder, such as inhabitants, citizens, aliens, municipal and state authorities, federal organisation and perhaps women and slaves. Besides relying on books for relevant historical events, I will withal look on how the magazines, journals and newspapers of that time reported the events, and to what level they were engaged in the process of the democratization of the right to vote in the United States.While exploring these questions, I will be relying and examining the work of wide wander of scholars who have attempted to analyze the major historical events and public activities that resulted in or prepared a ground for the democratization of the right to vote in eighteenth and nineteenth centuries.Alexander Keyssar, for instance, in his works has focused on relevant historic events and analyzed the role of stakeholders, such as inhabitants or citizens, political parties, local and state authorities, and the federal government. He also attempts to analyze the role the public events, such as constitutional conventions and the role of arguments of delegates.In his work on the right to vote the contested history of democracy in United States, Alexander Keyssar has a section where he intends to analyze different ideas and arguments to figure out which factors played a crucial role in balancing the political power, including amendments to or changing constitutions. In should be mentioned that in fact Alexander Keyssar conducts a detailed analysis of different factors, such as he analyzed the role political parties in the process of democratization of the right to vote.My next level of analysis would include the assessment of relevant newspapers, journals and other printed materials of 18th and 19th century. I intend to think a connection between the press and stakeholders, such as activists, municipal and state authorities, federal government and political parties and see to what level did this relation impact the material that were published in the press. 1 . Tourgee, Albion W., assembly (1886-1930) Mar 1890 American Periodicals, pg. 78 2 . The Monthly Law Reporter (1848 -1866) Sep 1853 6, 5 American Periodicals pg. 241 3 . Alexander Keyssar, The Right to vote the contested history of democracy in United States pg. 28-29 4 . Alexander Keyssar, The Right to vote the contested history of democracy in United States pg. 34-35 5 . Alexander Keyssar, The Right to vote the contested history of democracy in United States pg. 32-33

Aspiring Education Essay Example for Free

Aspiring Education EssayEducation is a must on all(prenominal) peoples do its, a requirement for a person to be successful in life. We outhouse all remember how our p bents scold as, as we disobeyed on what they are telling us to do. My parents inspire me close education. Both of them finished high school and graduated in college my father graduate with a controls Degree while my mother has a Bachelors Degree. They struggled so hard to be successful, so my siblings and I will have a healthier life, a better house, family and a brighter education. In this quote Chanakya said, Education is the best friend. An educated person is respected everywhere. Education beats the beauty and the youth. Chanakya interprets that it is the close powerful and the best treasure in all things that you will achieve in life. Education is intensely vital it stop strongly provide maven with priceless life opportunities, at long last save iodin from a life of agony, and powerfully free those w ho are understated.In Straw into Gold, Sandra Cisneros emphasizes sharply that education opens doors, gives wholeness perspective, and provides one with valuable life opportunities. For instance, she openly explains, I had the same sick feeling when I was needed to write my critical essay for the MFA exam the only piece of noncreative writing necessary in rewrite to get my graduate degree. Sandra conveys the report that she still continue to pursue her education even though she knows that she bear fail anytime. The reference suggests that you have to keep going even though you know that you will fail. Further, she subsequent explains, Along the way there has been straw for the taking. With a little imagination, it can be spun into gold. Sandra articulates the idea that we can create a better person in ourselves if we allow education to permit to take a hold of us. The author suggests that even with a little imagination you can achieve your dream. Therefore, in her narrative, Cisneros ultimately reveals that we just need to turn our dreamsinto reality.In Learning to Read and Write, Frederick Douglass emphasizes that education is the key to freedom. For example, he explains, low its influences, the tender heart became stone, and the lamblike disposition gave way to a tiger-like fierceness. Douglass conveys the idea that his once gentle schoolmarm transformed into a cruel woman who did not want him to get educated. The author suggests that his mistress became naive to the ignorant ideas about slavery. Further, he later explains, The silver trump of freedom had roused my soul to eternal wakefulness. Douglass implies the idea that he found a new hope of freedom to slavery that makes his soul to eternal wakefulness. The author suggests that if he has the determination and work-hard he will become a free person and not a slave. Thus, in his slave narrative, Douglass ultimately reinforces the concept that only education will provide one with improperness a nd self-determination.In Superman and Me, Sherman Alexie emphasizes that education can save ones life. For example, he explains, We were poor by most standards, but one of my parents usually managed to find some minimum wage job or another, which made us middle class by reservation standards. I had a brother and third sisters. We lived on a combination of irregular paychecks, hope, fear, and government surplus food. Alexie express the idea that theyre animateness in poverty and they survived because of his parents minimum wage job. The author suggests that they still persist to live on a world of hope, fear, irregular paychecks, and government surplus food. Further, Alexie interprets, I am smart. I am arrogant. I am lucky. I am trying to save our lives. Alexie conveys the idea that he struggled, studied hard, and stood up just to save the other Indians and escape from the reservation. The author suggests that if you study hard you can get out, from the reservation, and be a free I ndian. Thus, in his narrative, Alexie ultimately reinforces the concept that only education will provide one with valuable life opportunities.The three authors showed the different essential sides of education. Education is intensely vital it can robustly provide one withopportunities, ultimately save one from a life of misery, and mightily free those who are discreet. In this quote, Carl Rogers said, The only person who is educated is the one who has learned how to learn. Carl conveys that if you know how to listen, speak, read, and learned how to learn it convey that you are an educated person. He also interprets that you will not be educated if you dont know how to learn. Therefore, we should take advantage of education while it last.

Effective Approaches to Leadership Essay Example for Free

Effective Approaches to Leadership EssayThere is talk that the nurse shortage is over, but the facts show that there is a substantial nursing shortage which is projected to step forward over the next several(prenominal) years. This fact alone forget increase the demand on the be nurses leading to nurse burn out and increased deviateover rates. Nurses are the largest group of health fear professionals in America, but the majority of the nurses are close to retirement age (Institute of Medicine IOM, 2010).This paper will address the issue of nursing shortage, nurse turnover and how nurse leaders and managers are approaching these issues, along with the personal and professional philosophy of nursing of the author of this paper. There are many reasons why a nursing shortage exists, and why it is only going to get worse over the next several years. The median age of the nursing work force is 46 years of age and almost 50 pct of all nurses are close to retirement, which will su bstantially impact the nursing shortage (American Nurses Association, 2013).The Affordable financial aid Act of 2010 ensures that every American have access to affordable health care (U. S. Department of health Human Services, 2013). This places an additional demand for nurses, and further increases the shortage. The results of the advances in medicine has increased the average life span, increase the number of people living with chronic illness, and also increasing patient acuity levels which in turn increases the demand for advanced educated practioners.Nursing colleges and universities across the county are struggling to expand their enrollment levels in order to meet the rising demand for nursing care (American Association of Colleges of Nursing, 2012). Reductions in nursing budgets unitedly with the growing nursing shortage has resulted in nurses working more, taking care of sicker patients and at risk for make mistakes. This further complicates the nursing shortage as thi s type of environment only drives the current nursing force away from the bedside.The current Registered Nurse turnover rate is 14% (American Association of Colleges of Nursing, 2012). One incentive that trouble and leadership nurses should be aspiring to is Magnet Status. The American Nurses Association in 1990 developed the Magnet emplacement in an effort to reward hospitals that attract and retain nurses who demonstrate excellence in nursing coiffe (American Nurses Credentialing Center, 2013).

Sentence Structure Essay Example for Free

decry Structure EssayIn constructing a sentence, the writer brings about what he has in mind. However, it is not pleasurable for the part of the reader to read a sentence where the words contained dont relate with individually other. Construction involves right sentence order, right structure and clarity. Verb tenses determine if an action was taken at the past, is beingness taken at the present, and will be taken in the future. At the time the celebrity went up the stage, the crowd cheers with such joy has an inconsistent tense since the first phrase indicated a past tense. At the time the celebrity went up the stage, the crowd cheered with such joy has a correct construction.They must theorise actual changes in time. (Aaron, 2007, p. 209) A mood is a number of verb that tells whether the speaker is stating a fact or asking a question (indicative), making a request/command ( domineering), or expressing a meditation/suggestion or condition that is contrary to a fact (sub junctive). Shifts in mood, usually in imperative form, dont make any consistency. Open the seal completely, and shake it well before exploitation gives a complete instruction to be done.The voice of the verb determines the activity of the subject. In the active voice, the subject is the performer while in passive voice, it receives the action done by another object. Water gives food for the plants diversion for people is given by water is inconsistent. Water gives food for the plants and refreshment for people is correct since they atomic number 18 both in active voice. Verb tenses, mood and voice must be consistent in their form throughout the whole sentence to avoid confusion and provide clarity.

Explain Anselms Ontological Argument Essay Example for Free

Explain Anselms ontological Argument EssayAnselm wanted to prove the outliveence of God, so he proposed the ontological transmission line. The ontological argument is deductive, and uses a priori reason. This means that it starts with a statement that is known to be true solely through exposition (God is the greatest conceiv able being) and develops the implications of this statement in order to reach a reasonable conclusion. The deductive reasoning allows him to simply showing what the definition means. Hence, Anselm states that God exists in the mind, even the mind of those who deny His existence. However he points out that it is great to exist in reality and in the mind than in the mind alone. tear for example a pile of notes worth 1000. If it exists in the mind it is merely a pleasant thought, however, if it exists in reality it can be spent and is greater. Since God is the greatest conceivable being, He must exist in reality and in the mind, because to think otherwise involves contradiction of the theory, which you agree with.Anselm also says that God could possibly be a contingent God, who is dependent on something else for existence. If this was true God would not be worthwhile of worship and would not be the greatest conceivable being. A necessary God, one whose non existence is impossible, is greater than a contingent God whose non existence is possible. God has no creator, so to have to have individual else to depend on for existence, means they are not God. Therefore, we must accept that god is also necessary, as well as existant in reality, because to think otherwise involves a contradiction. The reason for people being able to deny the existence of God is due to them knowing the definition of the word God, not the existence of God.

Social Madia Initiative May Help Increase Organ Donation Essay Example for Free

Social Madia hatchway May Help Increase Organ Donation EssayA new social media scuttle helped to boost reed harmonium presenter registration rates, according to a new study published in the American Journal of Transplantation. The findings suggest that social media might be an effective tool for tackling a florilegium of problems related to public health in which communication and education argon essential. It suggests that social media and social networks may be valuable tools in re-approaching refractory public health problems. (Cameron, A. M. et al. , 2013). Attitudes towards tissue and organ largess fall in been frequently investigated. Studies, mostly conducted in the United States and Western Europe, have shown that people generally hold tyrannical attitudes towards tissue and organ donation, but only a small percentage of the population really decides to give them. Many non-donors still hold favorable attitudes towards donor style and realize the need for tran splants but omit to act upon those attitudes and knowledge. In such situations, a persons behavior can be influenced by promotion through telling messages.A multidimensional conceptualization of donor attitudes was proposed, implying that attitudes towards donation are scoop represented by two dimensions one referring to official aspects and the other to negative consequences of donation. Positive emotions concerning organ donation mostly arise from feeling of pride in being a donor and from the belief in the humanitarian benefits of organ donation, whereas the negative dimension reflects fears of body mutilation and of receiving inadequate medical treatment when ones life is at risk. Parisi Katz, 1986).Concerning organ donation appeals was found that the most effective measure for increase donation rates was informational message, followed by emotional message, and a message addressing fear. (McIntyre, P. et al. , 1987). Organ transplantation is the most preferred treatment mo dality for patients with end-stage organ disease. There is an inadequate supply of cadaver organs commensurate with need. Health-care professionals are the critical link in augmenting public awareness ab emerge organ donation.Their attitudes and beliefs can influence the public opinion. Another study aims at understanding the awareness, attitudes, and beliefs among the medical postgraduate students. There was a statistically significant correlation between attitudes, beliefs and demographics (Bapat, Kedlaya, Gokulnath, 2010). Suggestions are offered to improve measurement strategy and to guide theoretically based organ donation interrogation inwardly selected disciplines of psychology (Radecki Jaccard, 1997).New strategies are needed to encourage organ donation. Altruism, the impulse that underlies our present system, is undermined by proposals that lead tangible inducements to improve donation which are, in their own subtle ways, coercive (Landry, cc6). Introduction Although t he problem of shortage of tissue and organs in Romania has been acknowledged and approached in various ways, no proper methodical research in donor behavior has been done or systematic effort to promote such behavior and increase the number of donors.The main aims of research might be 1) to appraise attitudes, knowledge, and intentions regarding donor behavior 2) to assess the attitudes of health professionals towards tissue and organ donation, as well as their intentions to ask people about donations 3) to gain two separate weighty flyiers, one designed especially for the community sample to promote donor behavior, and the other one designed for health professionals to improve their unforcedness to ask people to donate and 4) to test the persuasive value and efficiency of the flyiers in inducing and increasing donor behavior.Methods The study may be carried out in two parts. In engage 1, we assess attitudes, knowledge, and intentions about tissue and organ donation of 200 ran domly chosen persons from the population of the capital of capital of Romania, Romania, as well as of 100 health professionals in different hospitals in Bucharest. We also assess the willingness of health care professionals to ask their patients whether they may be willing to donate their tissue and/or organs.On the basis of attitude and knowledge analyses, two types of tissue and organ donation promotional flyiers are developed one intended for the community sample and the other for health professionals. The Study 2, may be performed a year later, the tracts are presented to another group of 100 persons from Bucharest population and 50 health professionals. We compare attitudes, knowledge, and intentions of community sample and health professionals presented with leaflets vs those not presented with leaflets, and assess the persuasive power of the two types of promotional material developed.Hypothesis The community sample presented with the leaflet in Study 2 may show significantl y more positive attitudes towards organ donation when compared with the group not presented with a leaflet in Study 1. For health professionals, the Study 2 group presented with a leaflet might show a tendency toward less positive attitudes but significantly more positive intention than those in Study 1 not presented with a leaflet to donate organs. Discussion manifestation of flyiers succeeded in producing a tendency toward more positive attitudes and intentions toward tissue and organ donation.Still, a single introduction is clearly insufficient to produce significant change in all variables attitudes, knowledge, and intentions. The intromission of persuasive flyiers could be successful in improving the attitudes towards tissue and organ donation and increasing the willingness to donate. Obviously, a single presentation of the persuasive material may not be enough to make significant improvement in attitudes or intention to donate. Longerterm promotional interventions should be investigated as a potentially efficient method for increasing donor behavior.

Leadership style affect on employee work performance

attractership modality affect on employee officiate actAccording to Khurana, R. (2002) leadhip is essentially the secret to success practicedy fulfilling demanding usances in todays society. A leaders elbow room encompasses a consistent combination of idiosyncratic behaviors and attitudes towards group members in order to achieve goals. Effective leading can be a fundamental tool in maximizing company doing and has create an abundance of research. Employee performance comprises of two voices performance on the job and withdrawal from the job (Brayfield, A.H. and Crockett, W.H., 1955). Performance on the job refers to factors such as efficiency and overall quantity and quality of forbiddenput. Withdrawal from the job demonstrates ill occurrences including absences, accidents and turnover. Subsequent definitions have marked performance as the ability to accomplish a purpose and arrive at the desired result (Chatman and Flynn, 2001).This essay seeks to outline types o f leaders styles projected by various researchers. In a culture that has denoted the immense importance of effective leaders, it will then analyse the effects of lead styles on employee work performance in accordance to the criteria above. To conclude, this essay will question the impact of leadership style, and ultimately debate whether it is crucial for adequate performance.During the twentieth century, it was thought that reaching goals were vital to success, leading to the development of clear theories such as Taylors theory of Scientific Management and Fords introduction of the meeting Line. However, Mayos Hawthorne Studies exposed the importance of favorable factors in addition to economic motivators. Thus, the piece Relations Movement emerged resulting in a shifted steering onto social processes, and effectively the expansion of leadership theories.The Ohio State Studies highlighted two central factors to leadership Initiating Structure and Consideration (Stogdill, 1 974). Initiating social structure addressed task behaviours which served to fulfill duties whereas consideration represented relationship behaviours which aided to build leader-follower links. Essentially, levels of each comp nonpareilnt would combine to signify the leadership style a particular leader would adopt (see Appendix 1 in Appendices). Likert (1961) went on to summarise leadership styles into four types exploitative autocratic, benevolent autocratic, consultative and democratic.Leadership styles could be distinguished into four main types autocratic, democratic, laissez-faire and humane relations. An autocratic (or directive) leader would exude a sense datum of control and often outlining the means of how to achieve targets. republican leaders would modifynatively consult group members and down a vote before final decisions. Democratic leaders fall into a sub-group of participative leaders which strike group members in decision devising. The laissez-faire approac h encourages independence of followers and rarely contributes to the methods of output. Finally, a human relations style comprises of attributes similar a democratic leader, emphasizing the importance of consulting those involved before making a decision (Berkowitz, 1954). The Michigan Studies concluded that leadership styles could be formed on a terra firma of their employee orientation and production orientation, which consisted of behaviours similar to the Ohio State studies (Katz, D., Kahn, R.L., 1951). Originally, these constructs were seen as dependent variables that is, if a leader was highly employee orientated their focus on product was compromised and vice versa. However, this principle was subsequently re fancyualised and viewed as independent constructs (Kahn, R.L., 1956).The development of sound judgment methods later materialized including the Managerial Grid which assigned leaders levels of task and people concern (Blake and Mouton, 1964, 1978 1985). The five cen tral styles are exhibited in Appendix 2 in the Appendices. An assurance-compliance leadership style would possess large focus on output and presuppose that followers would obey their orders. Conversely, a County club style leader would examine the importance of addressing peoples needs before output. Impoverished Management Style involves little input from the leader in both aspects, which could be associated with the laissez-faire approach.Initially, autocratic leadership appeared to be idyllic in boosting performance. Before Fords aggregation Line was introduced the factory was producing two-hundred cars per day at a rate of ten days per car. The introduction of Fordism entailed gild employees when and how to complete tasks. Consequently, productivity rose leading to a total increase of two-thousand-and-five hundred cars per day (Roberts, A., 2009). sensation cannot recant that autocratic leadership was effective in reaching, and even exceeding, performance targets. However, check to Blake, R.R. and Mouton, J.S. (1975), the effectiveness of authority has diminished. It seems that as the human relations movement emerged, so did new preferential leadership styles today, in an surroundings of vastly improved education many are rejecting traditional authority and trying to set up and act upon their own.Results from Blake and Moutons Managerial Grid found that most respondents score towards the 5, 5 middle-of-the-road style. This implies that most reciprocal leadership styles consist of a balance between people and task concern. The 9, 9 approach is hold by managers as the soundest way to achieve excellence. This conclusion has been verified from studies throughout the U.S. and around the world. (Blake Mouton, 1975). It seems that nowadays fear to employees needs whilst maintaining performance targets is a must. Leadership styles that incorporate both concerns are vital to boosting employee performance. According to Lewin et. al (1939), variations of leadership styles cultivates performances. This study measured the consequence of leadership style on aggression, which could used to connote performance since aggression could be attributed to withdrawal from the job. Laissez-faire was the most common situation for provoking aggression followed by autocracy and democracy. This suggests leadership styles alternate aggression levels and possibly performance. However, it is difficult to everydayise findings from a study of juvenile children performing trivial tasks to large organisations where tasks are complex and aggression is not tolerated.Further findings concluded the boys concord in a relative dislike for their autocratic leader whereas the majority of participants preferred their democratic leaders to their autocratic ones. Assuming that higher liking for a leader would result in preferential performance, this could realize that a democratic leadership style has a substantiative effect, thus supporting the argument that l eadership style impacts performance.However, it would be reductionist to draw a finite conclusion on the practicality of leadership styles according to this piece. It fails to recognise the importance of upbringing which evidently affects the impact of leadership styles. The participant to dislike their democratic leader happened to be the son of an army officerand consciously put a high value upon strict discipline. Thus, it is not exclusively leadership style that affects behaviour but also the values and social norms an individual has acquired. If this concept were expanded onto organisational terms, it could be said that the culture of a business would contribute to whether leadership has a consequence. For instance, in the Ford factories a democratic approach may have been inappropriate in an environment where workers were humble and required guidance, hence why autocracy succeeded in boosting performance.An important factor to consider when assessing the public-service corpo ration of leadership style is situational variables that exist beyond the control of leaders. According to Tannenbaum and Schmidt (1958) these variables include Type of Organisation Group specialty The Problem Itself and The Pressure of Time These factors could determine the success of leadership styles, and leadership as a general instrument of performance. Participative leadership has been found to be more favourable for moderately structured problems while directive leadership was more compatible in situations facing fairly structured problems (Kahai, S. et. al, 1997). This most certainly has implications for the role of leadership styles within the workplace. It could infer that under circumstances where the problem comprises of routine and repetitive tasks a participative leadership style is complimentary in motivating employees to sustain performance. Conversely, problems which are more ambiguous may annunciate for a directive leadership style to inspire followers and un ite towards the same goal. Thus, in one respect, it could be argued that leadership styles are ineffective in promoting employee performance as situational variables will ultimately alter overall success. Neverthe slight, it is not unreasonable to dispute that, provided the right style is adopted, leadership style can be imperative in steering employees towards the right aims using the appropriate methods. Conducted research measured the effects of directive and participative leadership style on Heterogeneous teams (teams comprised of members deriving from varying backgrounds with dissimilar skills) and team reflection, and subsequently performance (Somech, A., 2006). Findings discovered that participative leadership lowered team in-role performance under the condition of high functional heterogeneousness but found no effect on low functional heterogeneity. Directive leadership, however, had a positive impact on performance. at that placefore, it could be debated that leadership s tyle has a consequence on work performance. However, Somech has pointed out that an investigation by Kahai et al. (1997) found no difference in frequency of supportive remarks or of little remarks in teams working with a participative and with a directive superior. Hence, suggesting that workers cease to notify a difference between these leadership styles and are able to respond to both forms, which subsequently casts doubt over the value of leadership styles. The relevance of leadership styles is challenged by several theories including the trait approach. It proposes that successful leadership is derived from the obstinacy of certain characteristics such as drive, honesty and integrity and self-confidence rather than styles (Kirkpatrick, S.A. and Locke, E.A., 1991). Supporting research for this approach is plentiful in comparison to the style approach (Stogdill, R.M, 1948 1974 Mann, R.D., 1959 Kirkpatrick, S.A. Locke, E.A., 1991). However, it is yet to generate a definite list of traits and there is less clear evidence to support certain traits such as charisma. In reality, despite its enticing facade, the possession of charisma can often lead to corporations hiring inappropriate candidates. The detrimental effects of charisma were exposed in the case of Enron the hiring of Jeff Skilling as CEO contributed to their fatal downfall as he was able to justify unethical activities through his charismatic traits, such as allowing top executives to participate in the off-balance-sheet partnerships, (Khurana, R., 2002). However, this approach has failed to produce unattackable research linking it to performance outcomes (Yukl, G., 1994).The issues addressed in this essay relate to the introduction of leadership styles and examines the value on employee performance. The profusion of research in this area infers that leadership style has a consequence on employees in the workplace. Nonetheless, research has failed to depict an adequate association between leaders hip style and work performance, with many results proving contrasted and inconclusive (Yukl, 1994).The lack of conclusive evidence for any approach to explaining leadership could have implications for the concept itself. There is reason to suggest that leadership is not critical with studies finding that forty-seven percent of executives rated their companies overall leadership capacity as poor/fair while a minor eight percent stratified it as excellent (Csoka, L.S., 1998). The reliance of leadership in enhancing performance has largely been questioned with some arguing it as a romanticized conception (Meindl, J.R., et. al, 1985) and others speculating the concept as a social myth which symbolically represents a regressive wish to return to the symbiotic environment of the womb (Gemmill, G. and Oakley, J., 1992). In other words, leadership is a prerequisite that society has created itself in order to disillusion individuals with the belief that another should be responsible for c reating the visions and responsibilities that they could merely take on themselves. In addition, researchers have argued that leadership is not vital if substitutes are available such as individual job expertise and intrinsic task satisfaction (Kerr, S. and Jermier, J.M., 1978). Thus, it brings it into question that if leadership is not a stabilized concept, then perhaps all theories based on leadership could be brought into interrogation, including the principle of leadership styles.The usefulness of leadership styles is undermined by the lack of an optimal style in all situations. Nevertheless, it has been suggested that leaders have back-up strategies if the frequent style of accomplishing tasks fail (Blake, R.R Mouton, J.S, 1975). As oppose to debating which style is superlative, it may be sensible to advocate the caprice that styles could compliment one another (Sagie, A., 1997). This proposal reinforces the usefulness of leadership style providing that the appropriate sty le is employ according to varying circumstances. The extent of research conducted, regardless of its substantiality, generates implications that leadership styles do matter(Somech, A., 2006). It would be ignorant to deny the magnitude of leadership in organisations, but that is not to say it should not be considered with caution. It would be reductionist to claim leadership is purely the reason for performance variations. Situational variables, such as culture, will inevitably influence leadership success. Rather than arguing a prime style, an appropriate approach to delegating leadership style would be the Path-Goal Theory which states that leadership styles should be allocated according to the characteristics of the subordinates and the nature of the task (House, R.J. Mitchell, R.R., 1974). Leadership style as a reputable concept clearly imposes an effect on efficacy but companies cannot place full reliance on this tool leadership style is merely a stimulant and not the touch o n foundation of employee performance.AppendicesAppendix 1Classic descriptors of leaders decision behaviours diagram taken from Roberts, A. and Corbett, M. (2009) Understanding Organisational demeanor IB1230. Warwick Business School McGraw Hill Custom Publishing, p. 197.SHOWING CONSIDERATIONHighHumanRelationsDemocraticLowLassez-faireAutocraticLowHighINITIATING STRUCTUREAppendix 2Blake Moutons Managerial Grid. (Blake, R.R and Mouton, J.S. 1975) BibliographyBerkowitz, L. (1954) Group Standards, Cohesiveness, and Productivity, Human Relations 7, pp. 509-514.Blake, R.R. and Mouton, J.S. (1964) The managerial grid. Houston, TX disjunction Publishing Company.Blake, R.R. and Mouton, J.S. (1975) An Overview of the Grid, Training and Development daybook, 29 (5), May, p. 29-36. Blake, R.R. and Mouton, J.S. (1978) The new managerial grid. Houston, TX Gulf Publishing Company.Blake, R.R. and Mouton, J.S. (1985) The managerial grid III. Houston, TX Gulf Publishing Company.Brayfield, A.H., and Crockett, W.H. (1955) Employee Attitudes and Employee Performance, Psychological Bulletin, 52 (5), pp. 396-424Chatman, J.A., and Flynn, F.J. (2001) The Influence of Demographic heterogeneousness on the Emergence and Consequences of Cooperative Norms in Work Teams, The academy of Management Journal, 44, p. 956-974.Corbett, M. (2009) Understanding validational behavior (IB1230) Martin Corbett Lecture Slides Leadership. Warwick Business School University of Warwick.Csoka, L.S. (1998) Bridging the Leadership Gap. New York Conference Board.Dubrin, A.J., 2007, Leadership Research Findings, Practice and Skills. fifth Edition. Boston, New York. Houghton Mifflin Company.Gemmill, G. and Oakley, J. (1992) Leadership An Alienating Social Myth? Human Relations, 45 (2), February, p. 113-129.House, R.J. Mitchell, R.R. (1974) Path-goal theory of Leadership. Journal of present-day(a) Business, 3, pp. 81-97.Kahai, S., Sosik, J. and Avolio, B.J. (1997) The effects of leadership style and prob lem structure on work group process and outcomes in an electronic meeting system environment, Personnel psychological science, 50 (1), March, p. 121-146.Kahn, R.L. (1956) The Prediction of Productivity. Journal of Social Issues, 12, pp. 41-49.Katz, D., Kahn, R.L. (1951) Human Organization and worker motivation. In L.R. Tripp (ed), Industrial productivity (pp. 146-171). Madison, WI Industrial Relations Research Association.Kerr, S. and Jermier, J.M. (1978) Substitutes for Leadership Their Meaning and Measurement, organisational Behavior and Human Performance, 22, December, pp. 375-403.Khurana, R. (2002) The Curse of the Superstar CEO. Harvard Business Review, 80 (9), September, p. 60-66.Kirkpatrick, S.A. and Locke, E.A. (1991) Leadership do traits matter?, Academy of Management Executive, 5 (2), May, p. 48-60.Likert, R. (1961) New patterns of management. New York McGraw-Hill.Lewin, K., Lippitt, R. and White, R. (1939) Patterns of aggressive behavior in experimentally created social climates. Journal of Social Psychology, 10 (2), May, p. 271-299.Mann, R.D. (1959). A Review of the Relationship between Personality and Performance in junior-grade Groups. Psychological Bulletin, 56, pp. 241-270.Meindl, J.R., Ehrlich, S.B. and Dukerich, J.M. (1985) The Romance of Leadership, Administrative Science Quarterly, 30 (1), March, p. 78-102.Northouse, P.G., 2007, Leadership Theory and Practice. Fourth Edition. California capital of the United Kingdom New Delhi. Sage Publications, Inc.Roberts, A. (2009) Understanding Organizational Behaviour (IB1230) Ashley Roberts Lecture Slides Lecture 3, Classical Theories (2) Ford and The Assembly Line. Slide 8. Warwick Business School University of Warwick.Roberts, A. and Corbett, M. (2009) Understanding Organisational Behaviour IB1230. Warwick Business School McGraw Hill Custom Publishing.Sagie, A. (1997) Leader direction and employee participation in decision making Contradictory or compatible practices? Applied Psychology An Intern ational Review, 46. p. 387-452.Somech, A. (2006) The Effects of Leadership Style and Team Process of Performance and Innovation in functionally Heterogeneous Teams, Journal of Management, 32 (1), February, p. 132-157.Stogdill, R.M. (1948). Personal factors associated with Leadership A survey of the literature, Journal of Psychology, 25, pp. 35-71.Stogdill, R.M. (1974). Handbook of leadership A survey of theory and research. New York Free Press.Tannenbaum, R. and Schmidt, W. (1958) How to Choose a Leadership Pattern, Harvard Business Review, 36 (2), March/April, p. 95-101.Yukl, G. (1994). Leadership in organizations. Third edition. Englewood Cliffs, NJ Prentice Hall.Page 1 of 11