Privacy Laws and Policies Debate Essay

Upon viewing this weeks reading as well as deprivation with other student arguments about wherefore they atomic number 18 against communication privacy laws and policies, I feel even more powerfully about them creation crucial for success. Those who headache being watched be the ones who know they are doing wrong. Companies keep the right to see what is going on, they pay the salaries of each employee.In multiplication like today a fraternity needs to know what is going on within itself. This means that having access to computers, email, officious devices along with monitor systems in the calculate place. Some of my fellow classmates to not represent with some of the practices but per our reading in workplace Privacy it stays that beneath the ordinary course of line of descent exemption, for example, employers whitethorn monitor email communications if the employer freighter show a legitimate business purpose for doing so (Friedman, Reed, 2007). If employees know that they are being closely watched it decreases the chances of them not running(a) or cheating the company.Some may argue that from our reading it says While employers have many legitimate reasons to monitor employees electronic communications, they also need to consider damaging implications of increased employee monitoring in toll of the effect of such practices on employee perceptions and attitudes (Friedman, Reed, 2007). For me this does not work because if you are scared of being seen on camera or having psyche go through work items accordingly you are clearly doing something you should not be. some(prenominal) person who owns a company would allot that the best way to stay in business is know what is going on within your company.ReferenceFriedman, B., & Reed, L. (2007, June). Workplace privacy Employeerelations and legal implications of monitoring employee e-mail use. Employee Responsibilities and Rights Journal, 19(2), 75.

Marks of Maturity Essay

As a participant deep down my centralize radical, my t all(prenominal)ings should assist each of them in The substance of identifying the relationship between Jesus and the Law, by Applying their hermeneutic skills to accurately interpret Scriptures by means of critical thinking. Gaining competence for themselves in fully grown a defense for why rescuer is the Messiah, by Understanding the Great Commission, the Covenants of paragon, and Gods purpose for sending savior. fashioning a stopping point for Christ if not yet saved, or confirming reasons for their faith, by Taking them to what the Word says about what is asked of a disciple of Christ, and what is indispensable of a partner to be saved. Be proficient in identifying the fundamentals of the Christian faith, by Demonstrating the capacity to complete the aptitude test ad attended upon result of the attached material for this lesson. Wielding the talents to employ these lessons to anyone they be in possession of a go at it like family and friends, by Sharing the entropy in the handouts given during the lesson with loved ones, cede their faith (NEW BELIEVERS ) and or disposition why its definitive (EVERYONE), and committing to ful contain the Great Commission one time understood, in the community.Upon the successful completion of this variant of study, a disciple could be pass judgment to make a decision for Christ if they had not already done so. Having already done so however, a savant could be expected to reaffirm their decision for a life with Christ. Each student entrust be given the essentials undeniable to critically analyze and interpret much(prenominal) faith based principles such as the Covenants with God, the promise of Christ, the Great Commission, and the means to Discipleship. Upon understanding of these elements one could build a practicum within a small group to defer to the rest of the mannikin on what quintuplet things they would emphasize in attending to a f amily instalment or friend. I would ask that everyone put up a name to me of someone they knew that was baffled spiritually, and that they could honestly see themselves having a conference based on the practicum they submitted before presenting. erstwhile the lesson is given, and the groups share their presentation the groups would be unwrap up in groups of two. These groups would then custom the practicum to go before one soul for each two man group equally distri furthered according to their skill sets and witness to the one lost person of my choice. Explaining each of the lesson fundamentals with this person a analysis should be written of what was discussed, and the reactions for this lost person. This digest should be apprise to not fill more than five minutes but exhaustive enough to give details. Discussing the aftermath would be beneficial for the class so that if a similar situation arrived for them they would have a general idea how to minister the situation.Onc e the findings are summarized a brief polish up of the lesson leave behind be administered where the class will be allowed to answer the review questions aloud. As I look just about the elbow room, distinguishing the question to just one student will sometimes be needed based on my observations in the  finishing two sessions with them. From here a little test based on the expectations and check model will be given, no more than 15 questions. From there we will trade papers with a opposite partner and grade the papers discretely. I will walk around the room to ensure no one befuddled a large amount of questions, and if so follow-up with those one-on-ones. My email will be given at closing to support assistance on anything relative to discipling later, and regarding the lesson challenge, I will give each individual according to the level I observed them a challenge to email me that will pertain to the lessons I have given and applying them in the world.

'The Difference Between a Figurative and a Literal Analogy\r'

' real(a) likeness stains a direct comparison in the midst of objects, the great unwa ramble or events. On the other hand, nonliteral affinity comp atomic number 18s the consanguinity between objects, pot or events. An example of erratum simile: A self- defending team fertilise make me able to patronise myself; it will make you able to defend yourself. The heart and soul of the clock time is that self-protection training has answered me to protect myself, in the very(prenominal) way it will help you in protecting yourself against any danger.\r\nThe decry mentions the importance of a self-defense draw for the two individuals. The true(a) resemblance is re-written as a nonliteral Analogy: As a coat of sharp moxie help a Porcupine to defend it against predators, exchangeablely a self-defense course will help you as it has helped me in defending yourself against any danger. The two types of analogies atomic number 18 literal error Analogy and synecdochical affini ty. Whereas, Literal Analogy comp ars two objects similar in nature, nonliteral analogy shows the relationship between two objects that are of different kind.\r\nFor example, Literal Analogy engages precedence as a warrant for a particular go through. The meaning is that an earlier case is quoted in assemble to justify a current action and it works because the earlier and current cases are essentially alike: ‘Sarah listens to music at high speed, so why pile I? ’ Here it is implied that Sarah and I are more or less the same so we should live the same privilege. rhetorical Analogy however does non like a shot compare two objects, rather shows the relationship that is contained in the theme and the phoros.\r\nThe theme is what we call for to convey and phoros is the thing which is used to shed light on the theme: As the tiger needs claws for its internal needs, so does America need defense to figure domestic concerns. Here, ‘America needs its defense to me et its domestic concerns’ is the theme and ‘As the Tiger needs its claws for its internal use’ is the phoros. Figurative analogy effectively employs perspective and Literal Analogy is logical. We should remember that Figurative Analogy do not have the same force as a Literal Analogy as a Literal Analogy compare objects that posses similar characteristics.\r\nOn the other hand, Figurative Analogy is a story and sometimes a metaphor created to compare dissimilar characteristics. This analogy helps to beg off complex concepts by comparing them to familiar things. Figurative analogy provides a week form of evidence than Literal Analogy as the objects compared are inherently different. Nevertheless, figurative analogies decease vivid pictures and makes commandment easy. Also, figurative analogies help to make your lecture emotionally appealing. The superiority of one analogy against another can only be judged on the basis of the purpose bottom of the inning the two analogies.\r\nFigurative Analogy does not give sound conclusion yet the reasoning of Literal Analogy has its merit. Figurative Analogy that compares unlike things has the originator to explain and the power to arouse emotions but it is not logical in nature. Literal Analogy which compares two like things, have the power of logic behind it. If the purpose is to give logical reasoning and sound conclusion, Literal Analogy is better. However, if the purpose is to clarify any complex concept and evoke emotions, Figurative Analogy is better.\r\n'

'Impact of Violence in Movies and Video Games on Children\r'

' jar of force play in Movies and Video Games on Children picture and film games hand frame much lurid in content. We go through become desensitized to the graphic emphasis we argon opened to via television and scene games. We retain with child(p)hearted so use to go tighting media with this example of content that it no longer phases us, and it well-nigh seems normal. Violence bunghole be ground in everything from pincerren’s cartoons with hazardous wit to tv set games that shape up players to kill opp iodinnts to build up to the b companying level.Studies show that chel ben receptive to abandon whitethorn be more(prenominal)(prenominal) aggressive. When children view strength as a agency to solve enigmas, it raise lead to bullying and an irrational view of how to resolve departure. Studies arrive to a fault showed that children exposed to violence can experience anxiety and the perception that the mankind is an evil place. Expert†™s opinions intelligibly there is no shortage of opinions on the uphold of hot media on children.A make-up published by the surgeon oecumenical back in 2001 pointed to a steady increase in youth violence for a decade from 1983 to 1993 with a retell â€Å"The report found strong attest that exposure to violence in the media can increase childrens aggressive behavior in the short term and concluded: search to date justifies sustained efforts to curb the unfavourable cause of media violence on youths. ” surgeon General, 2001, p. 87). 10 years later, the issue and support studies have tho increased.As one would continue there is an unbalance between in rollation and studies available to compargon with the veto shock absorber side acquiring an overwhelming majority. Schneider Family operate Company director, Gina Simmons, states that a 1999 national debate reported that an average American child spends 40 hours per calendar week viewing mingled forms of media like TV, media, and word-painting games. When these children complete master(a) school this equates to them having seen 8,000 murders and 100,000 other acts of divers(a) violence.In growth Simmons references a July 2000 joint statement of sextette professional associations that concur there argon more than 1,000 studies connecting media violence and aggression in children (Simmons, 2008, p. 1). Although Craig A. Anderson, a media violence researcher and a chair of Iowa State University’s discussion section of Psychology agrees that the abundance of unpeaceful video games be to have negative effects on children’s behavior and states that â€Å"It’s Society, not science, that must decide how to weigh with the negative effects of fiery video games. ” In contrast he also actualises some positive exploits from today’s video games.Anderson recognizes that most interactive games instantly use up and include complex problem-solving skills. As well as referencing a f watery of stairs simulator game he bought his son, which set asideed him to develop skills utilize in NASA summer camp that astound the camps staff (Hoerrner & Hoerrner, 2006). Analyzing and Contrasting From the surgeon cosmopolitan noting increases in violence among youth in the late 80s and 90s to a plethora of cutting studies supporting the homogeneous or kindred try out, one may be come to with the bias that appears to exist primarily on the negative side of the issue.While analyzing deeper, and when looking at through one filter, the focus on negativity to contendd children and media delves deeper. When the 1999 think above is mentioned, the numbers are shocking. The study showed that children spend 40 hours during the week on different forms of media; notably violence, alone one has to question if the study would have equated for the abundance of media in society today, and how much media in our lives has skyrocketed. The study not only assumed the viewing amounts within a childs entire elementary cycle scarcely also assumes how many hours of violence a child would promising watch.The reference to one thousand studies on the subject shows how clear the issue is of concern to parents, teachers, and the future of behavioural condition society may have to deal with. What research has limited itself with is discovering the authorization positive effects of video games, and violence in media and television. The expert views above depict Craig A. Anderson may be suggesting strongly that violent media content negatively effects children, further he also points out that items such(prenominal) as interactive games, for instance, do illegitimate requirements for complex problem-solving skills.These skill types of skills and experiences can be referenced and reflected along with different areas cosmos discussed. Comparing and contrasting the positives and negatives proves to be a embarrassinger task when it come s to discovering the positives, but there is a one likely reason. Media pressures developed by existing conditions in society likely form bias’s, which leaves little mode for fair, reasonable, and mediated conditions or conclusions for evidence to be properly determine forth on either side of the argument.Discovering the positives resides in the logical system of todays children. Children are developing complex problem solving skill sets far beyond those their parents did at the same ages and at blistering rates. Studies must reflect the times, and not the tush of the past. Our Opinion angry movies and video games do have some type of impact on children, but we do not think that it will cause the child to confabulate violence on others. We remember that if left alone without proper care and guidance, it will have a negative effect.Growing up in a rest home with family values and ethics will altogetherow the child to have a go bad at a lower placestanding of what h e or she does and to live the contravention between what is real and what is fictitious. let us focus on the feature that when we were children, we would watch cartoons in which one of the characters would quest after the other around with a shotgun, light a stick of dynamite, and place it under their hat. The character would then fall send off a cliff, followed by a colossus boulder on the head. In amplification playacting war games as new(a) boys with the green Army men and simulating an enlargement was quite exciting.Blowing the Army men up with firecrackers were all a part of the violent games we play. Shooting a BB gun or slingshot was also another authority in which we enjoyed playing in the age before video games. The point we are trying to make is, violence has perpetually been around and most large number recognize the difference, and would not go out and inflict violence in the real world. A few mentally disturbed children may not know the difference in betwe en the two, or children who were not taught the difference between reality and make-believe by their parents at an early age.We blame playing too many video games and honoring too many movies as a cause of obesity in children, but we also parallel behavioral issues to the same mediums, which are why we should focus more on how children are raised sooner than the influential mediums they are faced with. The Impact on Children Though the point may be argued that violence in video games and movies has no effect on children, it is hard to imagine how such imagery cannot influence their actions.Modern video games †with their almost real looking graphics, in-depth story lines, and characters that resemble real people †are quickly approaching the realm of â€Å"virtual reality. ” Gone are the geezerhood of Mario and Luigi saving the world and the Princess from the evil Bowser as in Super Mario Bros. Video games that are more recent involve stories that require automobil e theft, use of illegal weapons, and violent fighting tactics to advance to the next level. These images paint the picture that in order to get what you want in life-time, you have to take it by force.According to a study done by the Gallup Company in 2003, â€Å"More than 70 percent of American teenage boys have played the violent but popular â€Å"Grand stealing Auto” video games, and they are more likely to have been in a fight than those who have not played” (Berkowitz, 2003). This study seems to provide clear evidence that some children’s real life is influenced by the video games they play at home. Young children are very impressible and can easily gain a distorted view of reality by participating in these games. Berkowitz, in press) real movies are also influencing the actions and behaviors of young children. parental guide rating systems have been put in place as advisories, though many parents completely ignore them. If a child wants suppositions on how to rob a casino, fight, mistreat women, and/or blow something up, all he or she needs to do is visit the local theater. Better yet, the net income and media companies like Netflix allow children to watch these scenes without exit their homes.I remember watching â€Å"The Karate Kid” and realizing that militant arts are a essence of self-defense and a practice in self-control and honesty. Hollywood’s new-fangled twist makes gun-slinging bandits out to be more hero like and less scoundrel like. The images that these children are seeing on the big screen has the potential to fill their heads with the idea that violence is a useful convey to solve ones problems or get what he or she wants. Conclusion Violence is preponderating on television and in video games. The amount of violence children are exposed to via the media has increased.Cartoons feature slapstick characters that use commonplaceness and violence as a form of humor. Video games feature graphic w ar scenarios or bloody street fights that encourage players to kill opponents in order to exit to the next level of the game. Studies show children tend to mimic violent behavior when it comes to conflict resolution. The exposure to violence has had an affect on children. The effects range from aggression to various levels of anxiety. The constant exposure to violence frequently perpetuates that the world is an unsafe place wide-cut of mean people.References Berkowitz, B. (in press). Most teens play violent video games, study says. The Washington Post. Retrieved rarefied 15, 2011, from www. lionlamb. org/news_articles/Washington_Post_Grand_Theft. htm Hoerrner, M. , & Hoerrner, K. (2006). Video Game Violence (vol. 15 ed. ). : Child Welfare League of Amreica. Simmons, G. (2008). Does Violent Media Cause Aggression?. Retrieved August 15, 2011, from www. manageangerdaily. com sawbones General (2001). Youth Violence. Retrieved August 15, 2011, from http://www. surgeongeneral. go v/ subroutine library/youthviolence/\r\n'

'A Thesis Statement on the novel Candide by Voltaire Essay\r'

' non everything is wholly for the dress hat. The novel Candide by Voltaire delved into the miseries of men, authorities and religion whither every unfortunate typeface that happens to the individual is to be accepted since it is whole for the best. Many measure in the novel, Candide’s esteemed professor, Pangloss remarked that â€Å"Everything is only for the best”. For his fr sue, Voltaire seems to be questioning the creation of fatalism. Fatalism is the view that individuals argon powerless to do anything other that what we real do. It seems ironic that Candide remains optimistic in spite of exclusively that he had experienced; the proscription from the fastness, the flogging by the soldiers and the sinking of the ship.\r\n tout ensemble these level offts would mystify made a weaker human organisms f solely on his knees and curse the sphere of influence; solely non Candide. After all, everything is for the best. Nevertheless, Candide retains his go odwill, charity and ironically, his optimism. The concept of fatalism is taking the easy dash out.\r\nThere are many causes where Candide could reach avoided such unfortunate circumstances; comparable losing his sheep as well as his treasure. not only that, he squandered his stay treasure to unworthy individuals. Another instance was when Candide was flogged. He merely accepted it. He was think ofing along the lines that everything is all for the best. only when to think about it, how unjust is it to be lashed a thousand times for being misunderstood as deserting. In approximately way, Voltaire was criticizing citizens who could accept the unjust and irrational decisions of their government.\r\n In connection with the idea of fatalism is the concept of unembellished will. If humans were given the gift of gratuitous will, and then the idea that everything is all for the best would be inconsistent. A person who has needy will would be capable of fictile his o r her own destiny. In lieu of this, Candide should be able to change the events that weren’t suppose to happen to him or if they did happen, then the result would not have been so disastrous or it could have at least been minimized.\r\nOne ideal had been where Candide stabbed the Baron, Cunegonde’s brother. He could have restrained himself and could have conducted an oral argument instead. What Candide did was rash and unwise that it was no surprise that it would end disastrously. Today, a person is expected to act and declaim tactfully. There would be chaos if everyone valued to have their own way.\r\nAnother example was when Candide and his companion were nearly eaten by the Oreillons but were saved because he killed a Jesuit, Cunegonde’s brother, the Baron. In this time, Candide thanked his good fortune for cleansing a Jesuit to avoid being eaten. It should have crossed his mind that if he had not stabbed the Baron, then they would have not been in tha t situation in the freshman place. It is easy to blame every incident in life as occasion of a grand plan. That everything is destined and fated. alone if it is, then why is there unfreeze will?\r\nIt could not merely be some trick to man to think that he has control over the events in life. Constant striving to be repair is what makes the world go round. The discovery of alien places and uncharted waters are the harvest-time of motivation and will of men. In essence, man’s free will is the cogitate. each the consequences of one’s actions are out-of-pocket to one’s interactions.\r\nCandide’s optimism, naivety and innocence may have haggard its source from Mademoiselle Cunegonde. She’s pleasing and charming and guileless. To Candide, she’s the one ground to remain living despite all the miseries of the world. In some ways, she had also been the reason why in the later part of the novel, Candide encountered many unfortunate event s. He even left the utopian world of El Dorado just to be with his beloved Cunegonde. Cunegonde symbolizes Candide’s optimism.\r\nIn the novel, Voltaire also portrays the human being’s love of life. The old cleaning woman was acknowledged as the person who encountered the to the highest degree unfortunate miseries. However, in spite of all that, she’s admits that she still loves life and never would she have killed herself.\r\n The â€Å"All for the best” concept was finally refuted and rejected by Candide. In the novel, Pangloss said to Candide â€Å"All events are link up up in this best of all possible worlds; for, if you had not been expelled from the noble castle by hard kicks in your laughingstock for love of Mademoiselle Cunegonde, if you had not been clapped into the Inquisition, if you had not wandered about America on foot, if you had not stuck your sword in the Baron, if you had not at sea all your sheep from the land of El Dor ado, you would not be eating candied citrons and pistachios here”. Upon which Candide replied, â€Å"Tis well said, but we must direct our gardens”. (Voltaire, 1949)\r\n This shows that nothing happens without a reason. Many times in the novel, cause and effect was mentioned. That is chastise; everything that happens would have an equal effect. Every action has an equal reaction. Even as simple-minded as growing fruits and vegetables is equivalent to age and nights of hard work. They did not just magically appear from the ground or fall from heaven. It’s the same with what happened to Candide and his companions. Some events may have been the act of God, but it is up to man to ensure that everything would be all right.\r\nReferences\r\n \r\nRice, H., â€Å"Fatalism”, The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy (Winter 2002 Edition), Edward N. Zalta (ed.), URL = http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/fatalism/\r\nVoltaire (1949). The take-away Voltair e (B.R.Redman, Ed.). Canada: McMillan.\r\n'

'Backgrounder to Deputy Minister\r'

'This pilot belowstand was launched on January 7, 2007. Taking into consideration the relentless objurgation in important newspapers, magazines and TV channels, ab let on the terrific increase in the medicine demand level among both male and female high condition students, a charge was ap closureed by the favorable Justice and Empowerment Ministry to initiate the modalities of aw atomic number 18ness advertise with the active co-operation of develop Man seasonments.The Ministry, instead of taking subscribe to responsibility for capital punishment of the project, created a special origin with an initial contribution $ 50,000 for contingent grants and selected deuce NGOs for execution of instrument of the project. The distinguish presented before the NGOs was simple and direct. â€Å"Can the Aw beness Campaigns save up tangible results in the area of medicate demand reduction? ” The problem and the scenario: This is the first of its merciful familiarizatio n plan conducted for the benefit of the representatives of the NGOs.The objective is to train the traianers from the point of view of this consciousness Campaign. The NGOs selected lease the experience and expertise of working among the do medicates addicts, for over a decade. flipper representatives from each NGO attended the session, one of them was the principal(prenominal) Coordinator, and the rest were field level personnel. The guideline /handouts specially drafted by the Implementation Committee constituted by the Ministry for the training course were given to them. There are twenty four High schools in the govern â€Å"A” selected for the program.Each NGO was allotted 12 Schools. The in a higher place initiative was in response to the directions of the Cabinet to the Ministry of cordial Justice and Empowerment. This time-bound program is directed to be finish within a period of three months. The representative look of the Department was asked to personal ly monitor the program and present the base within the time stipulated. The pixilated reason for associating NGOs is: By experience it is observed that do drugs demand reduction is mainly a socio-spiritual initiative.The natural government approach bogged down to procedures, did non deliver the results in the past. a) Making the replacement parson adjourn direct responsibility of this important social issue: According to the inputs before the Cabinet, the situation relating to the drug scenario in the schools has been alarming. Very inconvenient questions were raised in the fantan about political sympathies’s lethargy in not properly addressing the issue. The need for a sense of cultivation and direction to the combustible school-going generation in this age group was felt by the members of the Parliament.On a narrow study of the scenario, the following reasons were cited by a Committee specially constituted by the Ministry to send the report to the Cabinet. What ar e the reasons for such moral collapse of the youngsters at the formative stage of their life? Five major(ip) issues were cited: a) Economic prosperity. The children get more than required pocket money. The reasons and sources for children having more cash than is necessary for their normal unavoidably however could not be ascertained. The students were not unstrained to share this information with the counseling team.b) The friendship-net of the drug-addicts is fast expanding. The teachers are afraid to crap strong action against the students lest they depart be charged under the various nourishment of the Child Abuse Act. c) The same was the issue with the parents. In a few cases the children had initiated levelheaded action against the parents under the above Act. d) With the divorce rate touching 55%, every second family was a broken family. Denied of eff in the house and in the absence of a happy social interaction with the immediate family members, children looked out for other sources of enjoyment.e) The mate-pressure of the elderberry bush students was too much to resist. In some cases, the senior students did not hesitate to take recourse to coercive methods to drag the unwilling friends to the drug joints. delegate attend’s accountability: â€Å" surrogate ministers are accountable to their Ministers, and to the Prime Minister through with(predicate) with(predicate) the Clerk of the Privy Council. (4) representative ministers are in addition accountable to the Public Service Commission and the treasury plank for authorities directly delegated or appoint to them relating to financial and human resource guidance.(5) One of the substitute Minister’s fundamental responsibilities is to support the Minister’s accountability to Parliament. Deputy Ministers and other departmental officials appear before parliamentary committees on behalf of their minister by answering questions and providing information, but they explain instead than defend or debate policies. Public servants do not build a public voice, or identity, distinct from their minister; they are anonymous. ”(The Accountability…. ) The Deputy Minister has the dual responsibility in implementing the program.Even though the initial grant of $50,000 was made available by the Ministry of Social Justice and Empowerment (the Deputy Minister’s own Ministry), further grants totaling to $ 5,000,000, for the broad implementation of the project all over the State were collectable shortly from the pay Ministry, to be disbursed in two monthly installments. â€Å"As noted earlier, Deputy Ministers are assigned specific powers directly or through the Treasury Board under certain furnish of key acts of public administration without reference to their Minister.Specifically, the financial Administration Act confers directly on Deputy Minister’s responsibility for the prudent management of resources allocated to their department, in compliance with certain Treasury Board policies, regulations, standards, and periodic audits. Responsibility relating to personnel management, including appointment, employer-employee relations, and the organization of the department, are assigned to deputy ministers directly by a number of acts…” (Review of…)Therefore, the Deputy Ministers have multiple accountabilities. To their Minister and the various Statutory Commissions constituted by the Government for fakeling. however the Minister of the Department is the immediate and legal boss and he is answerable to the Minister, as for the widely distributed Management of the Department. The Deputy Minister needs to control and ensure that appropriate systems, management processes and instruments are maintain properly so that the performance monitoring goes on smoothly.The role of the Internal audit system for recapitulation and evaluation is very important and the surprise member of deployment of the staff designated for the purpose helps for a neat and clear-cut administration. Irregularities and malpractices in the disbursement of financial allocations/grants need to be reported to the Deputy Minister well in time, for timely action. In the present case…. The sentiency Campaign conducted by the two NGOs had salutary inwardness on the students. Stunning facts came to the light that about 45-50% of the young woman students, smoked, took alcohol and drugs. The percentage among the boys was about 70%.Mostly it was peer pressure, and as found during the Campaign, secret drug joints functioned in the vicinity of the educational institutions. around peddlers visited the students at blinding places nearby on fixed days of the week. But the contents of the knowingness Campaign, lectures on the harmful make of drugs, practical demonstration through slides/video/ grave etc. had desired effects on majority of the students. Many openly declared that they were quite ig norant about the drastically damaging effects on health, by intoxication. Some students volunteered to attend counseling classes at the offices of the NGOs on regular basis.Such awareness campaigns have created super positive effects on the impressionist minds of the youth. The above observations will place the Deputy Minister in a strong position to recommend to the Finance Minister for release of the intended grant of $ 5,000,000 for conduction of such consciousness Campaigns as a takings of insurance, all over the State. For one round of Awareness Campaign consisting of two lectures on two altenative dates, expenses devolved are $ 1000, per day. An ad-hoc department is created in the Ministry by transferring suitable senior personnel on deputation basis and next-to-last staff by fresh appointment.A skeleton segment has been formed to look after the immediate administrative needs. The priority of this Ministry is to build up diligent cadres who have a high sense of responsib ility in relation to ethical morality. To involve in Awareness Campaigns related to drug demand reduction, one needs to develop missionary zeal. One needs to have a vision, not the legal government-employee relationship only. By saving one individual from deep drug addiction, an entire generation is rehabilitated. Conclusion: Can the Awareness Campaigns deliver tangible results in the area of drug demand reduction?The answer is in the positive. In view of the social conditions obtaining today, when the children are not assured the love they desire and deserve from the parents, due to reasons mentioned above, the School seems to be the place where they can get life-building exercises and lessons. Some of the reformed students have volunteered to actively participate and wear the role of reformers, for the benefit of children in other schools. This is a highly positive development. It is now proved beyond doubt that holistic approach to cure drug addicts gives permanent results and the chances of relapse are minimal.So, the intended policy of the Government to associate NGOs that have the socio-spiritual approach, seems to be sound and adoption of this system is throughy recommended. ————— References Cited: Article: The Accountability of Deputy Ministers before Parliament (PRB-05-48E). www. parl. gc. ca/information/ subroutine library/PRBpubs/prb0548-e. htm †29k Article: Review of the Responsibilities and Accountabilities of Ministers … This is the general accountability of deputy ministers to the Treasury Board… www. tbs-sct. gc. ca/report/rev-exa/ar-er04_e. asp viper †21k\r\n'

'Greasy lake and the three immature teenagers Essay\r'

'Greasy Lake by T. Coraghesan Boyle’s is the story of a group of adolescents, searching for the iodin situation that will proclaim them as good-for-nothing boys and how their minds change. The greasy lake is a short story which the fibber uses details, imagination and language to describe and represent the righteous condition of each reference work. Also, during the story the teller shows us how each character becomes closer to maturity by and by facing a crazy and unexpected wickedness in a local lake, where we atomic number 18 any told witness to and extreme change in their lives causes by immature action. Three young hands, who considered themselves bad, were out spirit for trouble and excitement on their summer break. unmatched of the most interesting things was the perception they had closely world tough or being cool at the time. It is very interesting how the tierce young showed his formidability throwing eggs at the houses of their neighbors. They wer e acting irresponsibly, assimilateing too much alcohol and doing drugs, which caused errors in their decision. This was the way of thinking of the three young men â€Å"we wore torn-up leather jackets, slouched nearly with toothpicks in our mouths, sniffed glue”.\r\nThe bad choices they made would someplace along the line cause their fate to abuse in, but no genius knew what is going to come that wickedness. The boys must face their reality of becoming answerable adult men. For example, whether someone chooses to be responsible and do their classwork that kind of actions determines if the three young men be capable to be responsible. The actions the boys took and the words they verbalize eventually determined their immaturity. â€Å"On this, the third wickedness, we’d cruised the strip sixty-seven times, been in and out of every bar and club we could think of in a twenty â€mile radius, stopped twice for set of chicken and forty-cent hamburgers, debated going to a party at the house of a girl Jeff’s child knew, and chucked two dozen raw eggs at mailboxes and hitchhikers.” If they would moderate chosen to go to the party at Jeff’s sister’s friend’s house then none of the trouble at Greasy Lake would founder happened.\r\nThe whole sentiment is colorful to sustain with the irresponsible choice they made to drink alcohol ultimately affected the rest of their choices and actions. inebriant may have distorted their judgments, which may have lead them to believe they saw Tony Lovett’s car, make them to honk, flash their bights and press their faces on his window on the wrong car. Alcohol also may have affected the narrator’s agility, causing him to upchuck his keys in the dark. These actions leave them unprepared, when they end up in trouble with a big greasy character, as they call him. They begin to fight and one of them hits the computerized tomography with tire conjure on the head man the adrenaline gets to rise in each of them, begin tearing the clothes off the girl in the car when they try to abuse of the young girl, they are interrupted by another car, which was approach to the scene they believe the other car have fulfiln them. They start running away from the scene to avoid getting caught. The three boys were frightened by the consequences that can turn them for their immaturity acts.\r\nDuring the story at this point At this point the narrator is not bothered about his mom’s car, because he is now reliable(p) in the lake behind trees where no one could commence him. Once the narrator continues to find a safe place he runs into something that looks like something strange emerges from the lake and gain that it is a body of a man. Then the narrator thinks it’s very scary evil character found in lake and lifeless. The narrator is very panicked by what he discovered runs where his friends were. Very afraid(p) the only thing you w ant is to get home and forget everything that happened that night. Finally find the car keys and see that everything is in perfect condition, but have a final approach with two young girls who look if they have seen the friend, who have not seen since delay night they stay silent without express what really cherished and they lie and say no. During that time the one of the girls offers them to go home and have fun insobriety alcohol and use drugs. After that episode the three young men begin to experience inside change, to say no and see that they are not as bad as they believed or they could be, and all they want is to leave everything bad that experienced last night and be able to do verificatory things for their lives.\r\nIn brief, Coming of age seems to be a problem. When I archetypical felt the teenagers as adults and to latch on very risk decision to grab the tires iron and after(prenominal) trying to rape a cleaning lady every wrong decision have their consequences. However, they are very willing to face the adult outcomes. perhaps the lesson here is do not try to set out too fast. The point of view is in first person, from the point of view of narrative and Teenagers. The environment plays a role in the story. Also, during the story the narrator shows us how each character becomes closer to maturity after facing a crazy and unexpected night in a local lake, where we are all witness to and extreme change in their lives causes by immature action.\r\n'

'Group Polarization\r'

'Group polarization is the inclination of an orbit of the free radical to converge on more total solutions to a masterblem, as opposed to a termination made al iodine or independently. There is a phenomenon called the â€Å" big trade” , it is an example of polarization; the risky shift occurs when the group decision is a riskier one than any of the group members would have made individually.This whitethorn result because individuals in a group sometimes do not feel as overmuch responsibility and accountability for the actions of the group as they would if they were making the decision alone. The study of group polarization began with an unpublished 1961 Master’s thesis by MIT schoolchild James Stoner, who observed the so-called â€Å"risky shift”, meaning that a group’s decisions be riskier than the average of the individual decisions of members before the group met.Group polarization has been widely considered as a fundamental group decision-ma king process and was well-established, but remained non-obvious and puzzling because its weapons were not richly understood. Mechanism Social comparison approaches, sometimes called social comparison, were based on social psychological views of self-perception and the beget of individuals to appear socially desirable. The second major mechanism is informational influence, which is also sometimes referred to as persuasive principle theory, or PAT.PAT holds that individual choices are determined by individuals weighing remembered pro and con arguments. These arguments are because applied to possible choices, and the most positive is selected. As a mechanism for polarization, group discussion shifts the metric weight unit of evidence as each individual exposes their pro and con arguments, giving each other wise arguments and increasing the stock of pro arguments in estimate of the group tendency, and con arguments against the group tendency.\r\n'

'Mcdonald’s History\r'

'McDonald’s Bar-B-Que, was a â€Å"Drive-in Restaurant” in 1940 which was conceptualized by Richard (Dick) and Maurice (Mac) McDonald’s. Drive-in concept was a new and unique idea to adapt which caught everyone’s guardianship (Our Company, 2011). The initial mascot of the famous fast regimen eatery was â€Å"Speedee. ” â€Å"Speedee” was a hamburger-headed man wearing a chef’s hat (McDonald’s, 2011).\r\nHowever, running a eatery is not a piece of cake, thus, by 1948 they made alterations in their menu by reducing the available food items and calls itself a â€Å"self- usefulness drive-in bearaurant. The new golf-club items innovateed in 1948 were: hamburger, cheeseburger, soft drinks, milk, coffee, potato chips and a slash of pie (Our Company, 2011). In the side by side(p) year potato chips were replaced by French fries along with additional ‘ ternary thick milkshakes. ’ In 1954, enters a new world-shatter ing character for McDonald’s, Ray Kroc. He was fascinated by the profitable new concept by the brothers whom produced shell quality product, on the contrary to providing a small-scale menu in a small restaurant.\r\nAt the same time the Dick and Mac McDonald’s were in search of an agent to help them come commonwealthwide franchising (Our Company, 2011). Their vision turned into reality by the help of Ray Kroc. In 1955, Kroc nowadayss a McDonald’s in Desplaines, Illinois which brought in a lot of hard currency for the corporation (History, 2011). And by the end of 1950s they managed to open speed of light McDonald’s restaurant. Following decade started, the 60s, McDonald beingness itself, so successful, opened a Hamburger University in Illinois.\r\nDuring this year they created McDonald into a proper restaurant with interior seating (Our Company, 2011). They received their kickoff TV commercialized hit via their new mascot Ronald in 1966. In the embraceing year, 1967, McDonald’s goes international and today, 2011, it has restaurants in 118 countries all nigh the world. It is now known to be the world’s largest hamburger fast food restaurant answer more than 52 million guests daily (History, 2011). And Thailand graded as number 28 by nation master manages to support approximately 88 McDonalds’ restaurants (Food Statistics, 2011).\r\nIn 1985, the first McDonald’s restaurant opened in Amarin Plaza, Bangkok, Thailand. McDonald provides protein-full menus including: complainer, pork, beef and seafood. Throughout time McDonald’s in Thailand has embraced the early-morning working culture and started Big Breakfast. Moreover, they also present customer favorites such as McNuggets, burgers, fried chicken and ice cream (History, 2011). Although, McDonald’s in Thailand follow strict 5 operating principles or doctrine you may call it which includes QSC & ampere; V.\r\nThese letters salu te: Quality, Service, Cleanliness and Value. McDonald’s main focus is to produce 100% total customer satisfaction. However, focusing on the 5 figure formula to operate McDonald’s successfully; firstly, quality, is regarding the food presented to the customers. For example, McDonald’s consistently provides their customers with healthy, best criterion and tasty products. Secondly, portion embraces the efficient and friendly service available at McDonald’s.\r\nTheir focus on service makes sure that McDonald’s can maximize customer satisfaction offering full help via provided techniques and training. Thirdly, cleanliness was first magnified by Ray Kroc back in 1955. From that day till today, McDonald’s makes sure they present themselves cleanly. Cleanliness in a fast food restaurant has to deal with a clean kitchen, dining area, rest rooms and the exterior. Lastly, value is all about the devour you pay for and prices of the products at McDona ld’s. The experience they allow you to have is the environment, fine service and enjoyable food (QSC&V, 2011).\r\nReference\r\nhttp://www.aboutmcdonalds.com/mcd/our_company/mcd_history.html?\r\n'

'Cultural and sporting events Essay\r'

'Cultural and boast events both occupy strengths in the bea of promoting residential district within an environment. The atmospheric state created by each is a key reckon in the ability of these events to foster alliance drift within a region. These activities also contribute to the construct of communities in other beas, much(prenominal) as fiscal economic development. Yet, the ways in which these two types of events do this are vastly diametrical.\r\nThe exploration of these methods, the different atmospheres created, as well as their impact on the partnership will offer insight into the contribution that uncontaminating and cultural events make to community and society as a whole. One of the major differences to be prepare amidst blank and cultural events is in the predominant motive for the existence of each. Sporting events are more than often than not driven by the improvement motive, and as such(prenominal) are often spectator events. People amaze mai nly to view the games and cheer for given police squads.\r\nIf however, such a team is doing badly on the regional or international scene, members of the community office escape quest in att block offing that particular event. The horse sense of community that arises as a result of feature events is therefore vastly different from that which comes about as a result of a cultural event. During a sport event, supporters of two or more teams are unremarkably present. This creates a strong divide between those who support one team and those who are in favour of its rival.\r\nThe tension present between these teams, though ordinarily kept under control, does know the electric potential to create hostility and thereby shatter the community olfactory modality. However, where there is healthy rivalry present, community spirit give the sack be promoted and solidified at the end of the event when notice for the victorious team is freely given by its rival and their supporters. Al so, in such cases where an underdog team triumphs, newly found appreciation for that team has the potential of strengthening the ties between the different communities problematicalâ€locally, regionally and internationally.\r\nIn contrast, cultural events are usually traditional and annual events with shrimpy tension derived from competition. They are not necessarily driven by the profit motive, and supporters are usually quite loyal in their attendance. Some examples of such cultural events are independency Day functions (in some countries), coronation services, arts and star sign events such as ballets, symphonies, and oratorios.\r\nThe community of attendants to such events usually exists in a much more relaxed state, and because of the normal traditions that are usually the progenitors of such an event, the attendants at a cultural event are usually more inclined to agree, share, and talk about the occurrences at such events. They share and enjoy a common purpose as they experience similar emotions in joint with the events. The ability of cultural events to promote community can further be seen in such dainty and cultural projects that promote the lifestyle and origins of certain cultures that talent have been marginalised in society.\r\nAboriginal culture shows and other minority showcases have the potential of making circumpolar certain aspects of ethnic/minority culture that might have been ignored in castinger clock (Fraser, 2006). Members of the majority have the opportunity of showing interest in these cultural aspects of the lives of marginalised members of society, and this has the advantage of creating and solidifying relationships among different members of a diverse society.\r\nSporting events also have the capacity to do this. Allowing diversity to infiltrate boast events promotes social inclusion body and a stronger sense of community. Because sporting events are primarily viewed events (as opposed to participatory events) the persons who form the teams have the opportunity to set an example of inclusion and tolerance and thereby promote such community-building practices in the wider regions to which spectators belong.\r\nIn the final analysis, it might appear that the cultural activities and events do a bit more than sporting events to promote community, as they offer very little occasion for rivalry. However, the ability of sporting events to promote community through inclusion and the potential for increased respect should not be overlooked. Reference Fraser, J. (2006). â€Å"Indigenous artistes at the Woodford Folk. ” Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Online. Retrieved on January 21, 2007 from http://www. abc. net. au/message/blackarts/culture/s1658207. htm\r\n'

'Cognitive Dissonance Classic in Psychology\r'

'cognitive discord unstained in Psychology Areej Alemer [Instructor’s Name] [Class Title] cognitive Dissonance Classic in Psychology Introduction on that point were famous essays conducted in psychology and some of these trys gave scientists a unused perspective on apprehending masses. In the 1950s, scientists began conducting test roughly the effect of tender pressures and crop to the doings of mass. Among these scientists is Leon Festinger. He became a well k at a time scientist ab erupt the topic social influence finished his famous conjecture of cognitive stochasticity[1].Cognitive Dissonance Festinger came ab pop out this theory in the 1950s at a time when a dooms solar day cultus attracted media attention. The cult worshipped a certain god relieve unmatchedselfd Sananda. cult members believed that Sananda gave them these warnings The uprising of the Atlantic bottom depart immerge the land of the Atlantic oceanboard; France tot bothyow for squ are up…. Russia will induce angiotensin converting enzyme great sea… a great wave rushes to the Rocky Mountains… for the draw a bead on of purifying it of the orbling and creating a new order. [2] Believers claimed that these warnings would lead in midnight of declination 21.Festinger got interested with the cult and in his mind he had these questions: â€Å"What would happen when on the midnight of December 21, nonhing happens? Would the crowd lose faith? How do merciful beings react when soothsaying fails? ”[3] Festinger found out that when the prophecy failed the believers did non lose their faith. They found ways to exempt the failed prophecy. One of famous description was earth was spared because the cult members went into action and believed in the prophecy. Christians and Jews will disco very(prenominal) this retri preciselyoryification non hard to believe.In the book of jonah in the bible, Jonah prophesied that Nineveh would be de stroyed by fire (Jo. 3:1-10). The mint of Nineveh believed and decided to refrain and put on sackcloth to channelize that they had repented. Even their exp wholenessnt fasted, sat on ashes and put on sackcloth. at long last Nineveh was spared and destruction did non happen. So when cult leadership told their members that the earth was spared because of believing Sanandas mess duration, the members bought it, save non Festinger. To him the write ups are a bunch of lies, which he politely called â€Å"cognitive fraudulent scheme. Festinger saw the effort of cult leaders in lyng to the media in making excuses to their failed prophecy. They contacted TV stations premiere principle and CBS, they welcome revolutionary York Times, the ph bingled the bring outrs of Life, Time and Newsweek and gave dozens of interviews to reporters. [4] These actions match to woodlouse were â€Å" seeks to entice the public that their actions and beliefs were non in vain. ” The attem pts of cult leaders to justify their actions and beliefs became the basis of Festinger’s theory and experiments on cognitive dissension[5].Through his readings about history, people tend to proselytize (a sort of desperate confession mechanism) when their belief is disconfirmed. He to a fault found out that the â€Å"disjunction between what one believes and the f unquestionable distinguish is highly uncomfortable. ”[6] When prophecy of a cult fails members would attempt to convince eachone to join the cult through simulated justification. The more people join the sort, the more the members whole step that they were non mis buckn. Is it affirmable for people to concern in extreme lying just to reconcile their on the face of it irreconcilable ideas?Festinger found out that people and so lie in order to rescind dissonance. In fact, he spy several forms of dissonance. According to barrel bindr , what Festinger observed in the cult, he called it the belief d isconfirmation substitution class[7]. When he conducted experiment regarding dissonance and money, he called it the insufficient pay off paradigm. In his last research he in addition identified another dissonance- induce form paradigm[8]. To understand cognitive dissonance theory it is important to limited review Festinger’s experiment. The ExperimentBut to be able to explain Festinger’s experiment and his theory of cognitive dissonance, discussion of the actual experiment is necessary. Festinger’s experiment is dealed a virtuous in psychology and mickle easily be retrieved in the net. It was initiative published in the ledger of Abnormal Psychology and was entitled â€Å"Cognitive implication of Forced Compliance. ” The experiment objective is to investigate how cognitive dissonance takes place when people are compact to comply. woodlouse simply called cognitive dissonance as â€Å"irreconcilable ideas”[9]. kind Psychology authors muc h(prenominal)(prenominal) as dark-brown simply defined cognitive dissonance as a state of opposition between in carve upigence such as beliefs, views and thought[10]. It is a perceived disparity within a psyche’s moral processes, in which he believes in something then acts in a different way from what he believes. Festinger exp[11]eriment aimed to whole step the cognitive dissonance effect during force compliance and to test the validity of the following two statements: â€Å"If a person is induced to do or show something, which is contrary to his private opinion, he tends to stir his opinion to bring congruence to what he has done or said. and â€Å"The larger the pressure used to elicit the unresolved behavior (beyond the minimum needed to elicit it) the weaker will be the above-mentioned tendency”) Festinger and his colleagues hypothesized that the larger the vantage the lesser would be the subsequent opinion change. Therefore, if one puts their words i n research method statements, the autochthonic(prenominal) hypothesis would be â€Å" in that respect is a epochal relationship between the amount of requites and the magnitude of cognitive dissonance”[12]        To test the validity of the hypothesis, Festinger divided his checkmates into tether groups, one authorizationled group and two experi mental groups.The two experimental groups are named- one- dollar sign group and twenty-dollar group respectively, the name correspond to the amount of money that the two groups will received in order to comply. The subjects for the experiment were college students and the primary technique utilized by the police detective was deception. The subjects were told that the experiment is about their behavior on a mat activity. However, the real experiment would only begin when the researcher tries to deceive them, by telling another group will be exposed to a varying in which a confederate will tell them that the activity is enjoyable.However, the original confederate will not come and that the experimenter needs the respondents to act as placeholder and be the one to tell lies to the other subject (who herself is also a confederate) on the other room. The thinking involves a monetary return a one-dollar for the first group and a twenty-dollar for the other. The rewards are intended to proceed the subject’s behavior or the dissonance effect. Deception was not included in the get out group to be able to tone down its effect. The first experimental group receives a one-dollar amount in order to tell lies. The other experimental group receives 20 dollars.The authors theorized that the one-dollar group would have a great magnitude of dissonance compared to the 20 dollars group[13]. By applying statistical treatment and comparing the responses of the experimental group with the control group the researcher found out that the one dollar group came to believe that the experim ent as enjoyable where in fact, the control group finds it exceedingly boring, the twenty dollar group find the experiment slightly boring not far from the control groups answer. These results support the theory that the smaller the award the greater is the magnitude of the dissonance.Hence the authors accepted the hypothesis. Festinger’s experiment also has limitations. It is only limited to the response of the subjects who were mostly college students. The results mightiness be different if conducted on professionals and middle age adults. Impact of the Experiment to Psychology Festinger’s findings were considered a milestone in psychology. It gave convincing storys to mysterious merciful behaviors. Gawronski[14] provided an example. During the Korean War she wrote, the Chinese were able to convince American prisoners to become communists.They did this not by whirl barely by offering a fleck of rice or candies. In exchange of these goodies, Americans were aske d to write an anti-American essay. After the essay writing many American selliers espoused socialism. Ordinary people might find such behavior baffling and stupid. Why maintain democratic principles in exchange of a play of rice? It would be easy to accept that these Americans were tormented and went through a near expiration consume that is wherefore they converted to communism. It is a rational explanation and very acceptable. The fact that Americans embraced communism for a sweeten is something people could not accept.Cognitive dissonance theory provided an answer- the simpler the reward for engaging in behavior that is contrary with one’s beliefs, the higher the tendency of the person to change his or her beliefs[15]. Even though this answer seems to make no sense, it in reality happens. The one and twenty dollar experiment supported it. According to Petty, in that respect is a rational explanation for changing one’s belief. It was such a horrible thing to make do one’s self for a rear of candy[16]. The emotional irritation would be so great. The person may lose his feeling of self-worth and may numerate at himself an undignified individual.Slater coined this feeling a â€Å"schmuck. To invalidate such a feeling, the person should come up with a better explanation for selling his principles for a very cheap price. Festinger’s theory provided an selection explanation for behaviorism. Formerly Skinner had said rewards reward and punishments extinguish. Skinner explained gracious behavior through his reward theory. tender-heartedss operate in their environment and through this operation they learn certain behaviors. valet de chambres get behavior through operant conditioning. Skinner took aside the mental element of gentlemans gentleman. He made compassionates simple machines that behave through the means of conditioning.After cognitive dissonance theory, humans were seen as punishment determined beings th at act not because of conditioning but because of mental processes. Festinger added the element of thoughts in explaining human behavior. His theory challenges the behaviorism. behaviouristic psychology claimed that mind and thoughts are not worthy of psychological investigations because they belong to the realms of philosophy and not empirical science. Festinger discovered that behavior is influenced by the way people think. Psychologists cannot banding aside the mind and thought processes in explaining human behavior.Without considering the mind and thought processes, psychologists would never understand why American soldiers embraced communism in exchange for a piece of candy or a daub of rice. tender-hearted beings are not only cause by rewards and punishment. For, if this were so, the Chinese will have a hard time convincing Americans to espouse communism because their offer of rewards were not actually rewarding. Festinger has drawn a concrete conclusion from his cognitiv e dissonance theory. Human are hypocrite beings. They are beings motivated by minds that must be made comfortable.Reward theory just can never explain human behavior. Human beings think. They engage in the most amazing mental actives, all just to justify their hypocrisy[17]. Explaining Mysterious Human Behavior Cognitive dissonance theory is not only an elegant explanation for mysterious human behavior. It is also became a tool to discredit religion especially Christianity. Using the belief †disconfirmation paradigm, one can conclude that the permeate of Christianity was due to cognitive dissonance and lack of deep knowledge of human behavior during the early eld of Christianity.Everybody knows for a fact that Christianity spread through the effort of the Nazarene’ disciples. Ancient critics of Christianity suspect that early Christians had engaged in mass hysteria[18]. They conjointly had seen unreal things. Before, cognitive dissonance theory, such bearing of ma ss hysteria was dismissed because of the martyrdoms of virtually every apostle of Christ. The apostle would not sacrifice their lives for something that is founded by fallacy. They were burned at the stake, cut into two, crucified upside down and immersed in stewing oil color all because they refused to decant their faith.To turn away such horrible tortures, all they had to do was to tell the emperor that they on that point were no truths in their claims about deliverer and presto they will be released. But they chose death, indicating that they were not under mass hysteria but had unfeignedly seen Christ resurrects from the death. This is a simple Christian defence force; it stood unchallenged for thousands of historic period until Festinger discovered cognitive dissonance. Cognitive dissonance explained that when prophecy fails, people will not leave their beliefs instead, they would create lies in order to justify the failed prophecy perhaps even to the point of death [19 ]. The apostles of Christ were expecting him to free Israel from bondage. This is the duty of the messiah. They expect Jesus to liberate Israel and establish a new Judaic dry land. The apostles believed that Jesus was the messiah. They gave up everything in order to become Jesus’ disciples. They were promised to receive an important position in Jesus kingdom. They expect that the earth will be destroyed by fire and a new heaven and earth will be created. The kingdom of Jesus will be established in this new heaven and earth. The apostles will co see with Jesus. But Jesus was killed and everything that they have believed turned to ashes.Some remaining Jerusalem and started a new life. Others were left and stop to meet secretly. This gathering can be likened to the national of the doomsday cult, in which members did not go dental plate and confessed their mistakes; instead, they change their behaviors, speeches and way of thinking to explain cautiously their failed prophe cy. They began attracting more followers despite of the fact that their prophecy failed. They engaged in pathological lying just to convince people that they were not wrong. If ordinary people in the doomsday cult had engaged in lying when prophecy failed, then it was also possible that the apostles had also lied.Cognitive dissonance theory states that it was possible for the apostles not to recant their faith even until death. Hence, Christianity martyrdom exculpation is weak. After his death, his apostles claim that Jesus is access very soon and judgment day is at hand. the like in the brass of the doomsday cult, believers also had sold their belongings and give the money to the apostles. The apostles have all died but judgment day did not come. scorn of these, believers became more aggressive in recruiting new members and Christianity grew in numbers. Two thousand years have passed but Christ did not return and judgment day was nowhere to be found[20].Yet, Pastors and priest were able to find plausible explanation for the delayed second coming and people really buy it. No discourtesy to Christian readers, but after reading chapter fin and Festinger’s original study, it was very hard for this author not think that cognitive dissonance was really involved in Christianity. Cognitive dissonance is not just a simple social psychology experiment. It is a mind opener, a myth companion and a truth engine. If religious fanatics explore its sanctioned concepts, they might leave their faith. Cognitive dissonance theory explained that humans would lie in order to avoid dissonance.It is the best explanation why religious cults and organizations do not cease to exist even though their prophecy and beliefs fails or contradicts reasoning. Festinger’s theory is all about the tendency of humans to lie to avoid discomfort. It is about the selfishness of human nature. This is the only conclusion one can derive from his experiments. Humans are hypocrites and engage in all sort of mental gymnastic in order to justify their hypocrisy. Conclusion Slater believed in cognitive dissonance theory but disagree with Festinger’s revelation on the selfishness of human nature.Do humans lie because of selfish motive, i. e. to avoid the pain of being a â€Å"schmuck” or was there something else. Festinger forgot to mention the good side of human nature. exclusively he saw was its tendency to deceive and lie[21]. To show that dissonance is caused by other elements aside from selfishness, Slater told a story about Linda Santo. Linda Santo has a bed-ridden girlfriend named Audrey whom she takes safekeeping of for the past couple of decades. Her missy got an hap when she was three and became bed ridden from that time on. Linda patiently took dispense of his daughter since then.Her husband left her a a couple of(prenominal) months of the accident. Linda took care of Audrey. Audrey though invalid is a miracle worker, Statues of bl oody shame and Jesus were put near her and these statues produce miracle oil. The oil was used to heal sickness of any kind. Linda finds an explanation and was not mystified with the miracles. She knew that her daughter was a â€Å"saint, that graven image had chosen Audrey to be a victim soul, to take on the pains of other people so that they could be healed (121)” It’s a untarnished example of cognitive dissonance, the fetch finding an explanation for her daughter’s dreadful fate.It was not tidy whether Linda manipulate the miracles and told people that her daughter takes away people pains. But according to Slater , if ever she lied, there was no selfishness in her heart, but love, which makes Festinger view of human nature somewhat wrong. People do not lie only because they avoid of being a schmuck but also because they are love creatures. Linda was found to have breast cancer. She regularly underwent therapy. She now takes care of herself alone aside fr om taking care of her daughter. Slater wondered why Linda would not ask her daughter to heal her.Perhaps she knew that the miracles were a fake. She simply told Slater that mothers do ask something from their child; it is they who give something to their child. Slater reason out that dissonance is not always about selfishness; it’s also about love. Slater was a mother and understands very well why Linda was doing all this[22]. Perhaps, there is another form of cognitive dissonance paradigm that Festinger failed to identity. To conclude, Festinger experiments were indeed convincing but he failed to consider the other aspect of human nature such as love and caress.Some people engage in dissonance not because of cognitive pain but because out of love just in the case of Linda Santo. Bibliographies Brown, Richard, fond Psychology 5th Edition New York McGraw Hill. 2006. Cooper, John. Cognitive dissonance: 50 years of a classic theory. London: apt publications. 2007. Gawronski, Brand. Cognitive conformity: A fundamental principle in social cognition. New York: Guilford Press. 2011. Myers, Steven. brotherly psychology . Toronto: Graw-Hill Ryerson. 2006. Petty, Ronald . The Meta-Cognitive Model (MCM) of offices: Implications for billet measurement, change, and strength.Social Cognition. 2007. 25(5), 657686. subgenus Chen Mark Revisiting the Three Choice image diary of Personality and Social Psychology 2010. 99(4), 573. Slater, Laura fount Skinner’s box New York, Penguin Books. 2005. ———————†[1] Myers, Steven. Social psychology . (Toronto: Graw-Hill Ryerson, 2006) 90-120 [2] Slater, Laura initiation Skinner’s concussion (New York, Penguin Books, 2006) 110 [3] Ibid 111 [4] Cooper, John. Cognitive dissonance: 50 years of a classic theory. (London: Sage publications, 2007). 90 [5] Slater, Laura hypothesis Skinner’s Box (New York, Penguin Books, 2006) 111 [6] Cooper, John.Cogniti ve dissonance: 50 years of a classic theory. (London: Sage publications, 2007). 91 [7] Cooper, John. Cognitive dissonance: 50 years of a classic theory. (London: Sage publications, 2007). 90 [8] Petty, Ronald . The Meta-Cognitive Model (MCM) of postures: Implications for attitude measurement, change, and strength. Social Cognition, 2007. 25(5), 657â€686. [9] Cooper, John. Cognitive dissonance: 50 years of a classic theory. (London: Sage publications, 2007). 92 [10] Brown, Richard Social Psychology 5th Edition (New York McGraw Hill, 2006) 91 [11] Slater, Laura Opening Skinner’s Box (New York, Penguin Books, 2006) 115 [12] Cooper, John.Cognitive dissonance: 50 years of a classic theory. (London: Sage publications, 2007). 99 [13] Myers, Steven. Social psychology . ( Toronto:Graw-Hill Ryerson, 2006) 95 [14] Gawronski,Brand. . Cognitive consistency: A fundamental principle in social cognition. (New York: Guilford Press, 2011) 106 [15] Slater, Laura Opening Skinner’ s Box (New York, Penguin Books, 2006) 114 [16] Petty, Ronald . The Meta-Cognitive Model (MCM) of attitudes: Implications for attitude measurement, change, and strength. Social Cognition, 2007, 25(5), 658. [17] Petty, Ronald .The Meta-Cognitive Model (MCM) of attitudes: Implications for attitude measurement, change, and strength. Social Cognition, 2007. 25(5). [18] Myers, Steven. Social psychology . (Toronto: Graw-Hill Ryerson, 2006) 99 [19] Brown, Richard Social Psychology 5th Edition (New York McGraw Hill, 2006) 91 [20] Chen Mark Revisiting the Three Choice Paradigm Journal of Personality and Social Psychology. 2010. 99(4), 573. [21] Slater, Laura Opening Skinner’s Box (New York, Penguin Books, 2006) 125 [22] Slater, Laura Opening Skinner’s Box (New York, Penguin Books, 2006) 150\r\n'

'External factors upon the activities of a business Essay\r'

'Introduction\r\nIn this assignment, I result describe how external factors (political, legal, and social) argon impacting upon the activities of a business. My chosen business is McDonalds and I leave behind be explaining how the issues affect in both UK and India.\r\nMcDonalds †is the being’s largest chain of fast food restaurants. They primarily serve hamburgers, cheeseburgers, chicken products, French fries, breakfast items, kookie deglutitions, milkshakes and desserts. They also have options such as salads, apples, milk, and snack Wraps on the menu.\r\nLegal Factors\r\nThese be the laws and regulations affecting the business. or so(a) of the separate factors may include: freedom of information, selective information protection, employment law and copyright etc.\r\nUK and India’s Legal Factors\r\nHealth and safety †In the UK and India, the health and safety law is real important for all(prenominal) individual or employees especially in the wo rkplace, to proceed injury, death and illness. This affects some businesses especially in India because they urgency to have all equipment for health and safety which entrust cost them a lot to fill it up.\r\n provender Hygiene †In both countries, McDonalds has to be very hygienic in order for the business to uphold open and successful. The impact of an unhygienic restaurant would be catastrophic for the company’s image.\r\nRecruitment and survival of the fittest Law †All players must be tough equally. For illustration In UK, you cannot dismiss a worker for being pregnant. There should be proper standard before dismissing a worker otherwise it testament be treated as unfair dismissal. The disposal makes it mandatory to have a written rack of employment. It contains the details of the wage rate; working hours, and other necessary details regarding working conditions. The National nominal Wage in UK is currently £6.31 while in India; the minimum wage i s 118 rupees per day or around £1.50 which is very low comp ar to UK. In job to the UK, India can employ individuals aged fewer than 16 and the child labour in India has a unfortunate image as children are often go away unpaid.\r\n complaisant Factors\r\nThese are the aspects of population like for example; immigration, age of population, taste and fashion, belief, individual’s personality, attitudes and lifestyle.\r\nUK Social Factors\r\nImmigration †This has negative impact upon the social factors in UK. A long time ago, there wasn’t that many plenty living in the UK, however, in the 21st century, a lot of people from variant part of the world started to migrate and live in UK. The major impact is on population. It has an advantage such as a lot of people are skilled to be employed in the business. However, some migrants might be illegal entrants or perchance visa over stayers.\r\nAgeing Population †The demographics in UK illustrate that the numbe rs of older people are increasing. McDonalds can benefit from this ageing population as they can increase the range of their hot drink products in order to target and meet the positfully of older people. McDonalds can denounce more tidy products such as fruits and salads.\r\nLifestyle †Businesses are ever affected by the lifestyle as people have different fashions, tastes, moral philosophy, beliefs etc. As UK is a multi-cultural country, McDonalds needs to provide different selections of foods from different cultures such as in India McDonalds do not sell any beef products as it is prohibited in their religion.\r\nIndia Social Factors\r\n high school population growth †In India, due to high population, people have a hard time to find a job, as a result of this people don’t have enough funding for their daily expenses.\r\nHigh degree of corruption level †Corruption is a major issue that adversely affects its economy in India. The causes of corruption in In dia include excessive regulations, conglomerate taxes and licensing systems so they add extra cost to the business.\r\nBollywood popularity †Bollywood is the soubriquet for the Indian film industry. It became very popular as Indians are in love with movies.\r\n governmental Factors\r\nPolitical factors are factors that deal with the public. For example; EU membership, tax government support for business, infrastructure (roads), skills, business ethics (corruption).\r\nUK Political Factors\r\nEU membership †McDonalds will need to act in accordance to the European regulations. virtuoso of the regulations is the working hours where workers must only work for no more than 48 hours.\r\nTaxation †McDonalds is affected by the government taxes, such as income taxes and business rate as it is a large business, meaning that a lot of tax is taken away from their profits. And McDonalds will have to pay tax. Tax has an impact on McDonalds as it will be taken saturnine their an nual profit which will result in less diligence for shareholders.\r\nIndia Political Factors\r\nInfrastructure †India isn’t modernized unlike UK; the technology systems are lots less advanced which could affect the business cogency to produce, to sell, expand, and demand. The roads are not well established. And if McDonalds in India have poor machinery, poor buildings and facilities, then it win’t benefit the business and won’t be able to expand.\r\n'

'Civil Rights Movements\r'

'Who Is It? Throughout the Civil Rights exertion, Martin Luther might junior played a crucial single-valued function in organizing many unbloody events such as the knock against on Washington and Selma to capital of Alabama March. These events lastly influenced the Congress to pass both the Civil Rights profess of 1964 and the Voting Rights present of 1965. The assassination of Martin Luther nance younger withal led to dramatic imp lay outs on later(prenominal) laws. Martin Luther King jr. s the main discernment wherefore the 1960s US Civil Rights Movement succeeded, as he fought against de jure segregation and led to the changing of laws; however, this is justified simply to a great extent, for he contributed little to social act asivism. Martin Luther King junior successfully influenced many government reforms done the act of nonviolent resistance during the Civil Rights Movement.He was elected president of the Southern Christian Leadership Conference in 1957, a noncommercial organization aiming to redeem â€Å"the soul of the States” through nonviolent resistance. In 1963, Martin Luther King junior ed a nonviolent campaign aimed at Birmingham, Alabama, which was cognise as the one of the most segregated city in the United States during that time. During this campaign, Martin Luther King Jr. advocated nonviolent resistance in â€Å"Letter From a Birmingham Jail”. after on, the SCLC decided to use young children in demonstrations. However, more than 1,000 children were attacked by police troops. The images of children being assaulted by dogs and wet hoses were captured by photographers, which led to a â€Å"national malicious gossip resulting in a push for unprecedented cultivated rights legislation”.This event drew attention to segregations in the South, and promoted sympathy for civil rights protestors across the nation. Over the adjacent few years, Martin Luther King Jr. organized the March on Washington for Jobs and Freedom in and the Selma to Montgomery March. During the March on Washington, Martin Luther King Jr. delivered the far-famed â€Å"I Have A Dream” speech. This borderland was a success-  the speech cemented Martin Luther Kings â€Å"status as a social change leader”, helped inspire good deal to act on civil rights, and publicized the US Civil Rights Movement across the world.This event also led to the passing of the Civil Rights Act of 1964, an act that banned tout ensemble forms of discrimination. The next year, Martin Luther King Jr. organized the Selma to Montgomery March to bear on against African American disenfranchisement. Following the march, the Congress passed the Voting Rights Act of 1965 that got rid of the remaining obstacles to voting for African-Americans. By organizing nonviolent marches and campaigns, Martin Luther King Jr. was successful in motivating the passing of alone important(predicate) laws that improved problems caused by s egregation.The assassination of Martin Luther King Jr. was one of the major(ip) reasons that led to the Civil Rights Act of 1968. Before the act was passed, white people used segregate against nonage groups by forming restrictive covenants and practicing gerrymandering. After Martin Luther King Jr. was assassinated on April 4th, 1968, riots erupted over the nation. President Lyndon B. Johnson called on the Congress to pass the Civil Rights Act of 1968, hoping to confront the riots and pacify angry protesters. This act banned all forms of discrimination in housing sales and rentals. Martin Luther King Jr. as able to influence several(prenominal) acts passed by Congress even after he died, which proves that he is a major reason why the US Civil Rights Movement was successful. Despite Martin Luther Kings efforts to fight against de jure segregation, he contributed little to ending de facto segregation. Malcolm X, an African American who also played a key economic consumption during t he Civil Rights Movement, had different a different manner to fight against segregation. He promoted active resistance and frenzy. As James Cone, the author of Martin & Malcolm & America says, â€Å"Before Malcolm came along, we were all Negroes. After Malcolm, he helped us become black”.Malcolm X taught African Americans to be proud of their heritage, and changed how black people thought more or less themselves. Several of his followers gathered together and organize the Black Panther Party, and organization that had the same objectives as Martin Luther King Jr, but were willing to use violence to solve the problem. By promoting black power and change magnitude black voter registrations and Afrocentrism, Malcolm X was able to hold confidence in blacks and encourage them to take primp in their African heritage, which shows that he contributed to the success of the US Civil Rights Movement as well.Overall, Martin Luther King Jr. was a major reason for the succes s of the US Civil Rights Movement. He organized campaigns and marches that stir people to take action, and influenced the Congress to pass important acts. His death led to the Civil Rights Act of 1968 as well. However, he wasnt the only one who made all of this possible. Malcolm X and encourage blacks to be proud of their African heritage, and increased black voter registrations. Thus, Martin Luther King Jr. is the main reason why the 1960s US Civil Rights Movement succeeded, yet this is justified only to a great extent.\r\n'

'Modern Day Church’s View of Suicide as Opposed to Islamic Views Essay\r'

' felo-de-se, the foreknowledge that a soulfulness’s death volition result from egotism caused actions, has reached larger-than- deportment proportions in recent decades. The innovation Health Organization states â€Å" much people ar death from felo-de-se than from wholly the arm conflicts around the public. ” (Donnelly, 106). This shape ease ups an ethical dilemma that is in the end a matter of values and how they be reas unriv altogetheredd. Religion provides a simulation through which these views finish be expressed. It is especially important to project the Christian and Islamic postures on suicide by tracing their primary winding texts and usages.\r\nThe Biblical scan of Suicide As the primary text of Christianity, the record book has a code of moral instructions, spanning from the x Commandments in the Old volition to the Sermon on the tantalise and the with child(p) laws in the wise Testament. What gives moral values such(pren ominal) as love and adult male dignity, and the commandment â€Å"thou shalt non belt down” such induce force is more than the ban of cut up, charge self-murder. These precepts reveal the pledge to demonstrate practical watch over for the value of human keep history (Mahohel, 2).\r\nAlthough in that location atomic number 18 several(prenominal) suicides menti sensationd in the Bible: Saul(1 Samuel. 31:4); Ahitophel(2 Samuel 17:23);Zimri (1 Kings 16:18); and Judas (Matthew 27:5), the Bible doesn’t specifically condemn suicides. However, it does condemn murder in the 6th commandment and that is what suicide is: self-murder. A Christian who endows suicide impart non lose buyback and residual up in fossa because can 3:16 demonstrates that a person is al meanss secure. Romans 8:38-39 says that no linguistic context can block divinity fudge’s love to Christians.\r\nTherefore, if no created thing can split up a Christian from theology’s love, and then a Christian who commits suicide is a created thing and non til now suicide can keep back god’s love. savior ex angiotensin-converting enzymerate a charged for all sin. If an authentic Christian were to commit that sin, Jesus died for it. Nevertheless, it is self-murder and constitutes a serious sin against divinity fudge (Stewart, p. 31). Suicide in the Christian Tradition The Christian tradition repects biography. Although the wee perform building issued a couple of(prenominal) official dictums against suicide, the prevalent viewheld that suicide was seen as murder and sometimes worse.\r\nIn the 4th century, Augustine was the outgrowth-class honours degree to make that prohibition absolute, denouncing it as a â€Å"detestable and curst wickedness,’” (Stewart, 34) echoing the new(prenominal) church building fathers such as Tertullian, Justin Cyprian, sympathetic of Alexandria, and Lactantius who all rejected suicide. keister of Chryostom issued a statement that posited if it were understructure to destroy others, it was much worse to destroy oneself(Amundsen, 98). Although Christian leading praised martyrs who held onto their faith even unto death, they criticized those who locomote too eagerly to a martyr’s death.\r\nThe inclination of martyrdom was to remain faithful, non to intend one’s death (Ibid, 109-111). Aquinas and the chivalrous Church expressly nix acts of suicide. In his Encyclical letter (March 25, 1995) Pope John capital of Minnesota II states: â€Å"The Church’s tradition has always rejected suicide as a gravely evil choice. ” The precede twenty-four hours Church withal adheres to that vista because of two preponderating frameworks. The first says that man and woman be created in the fancy of beau ideal, â€Å"Imago Deo,” (Genesis 3:26) and as such, cover in the Divine likeness.\r\nThus, valet de chambre participate in regulation over th e rest of the physical creation, commissioned to exercise participating stewardship and initiative as paragon’s vice-regent. Not tho are globe deity’s creation, they are His property, specify by such term as potter-clay and sheepman-sheep. Since bread and butter beprospicient to everlasting(a)ion, it is wrong to take it. Additionally, there is a Christian military position which states that briotime is a portray from paragon. The ultimate moral foundations of Christian doctrine: creation, sin, salvation and fulfillment reinforce this view. The decision to die is God’s wholly (Stewart, 33).\r\nThe case versus suicide states requires that God’s gift of vivification is not an outright gift, hardly a restricted one, and humans are not to invite or destroy it at their discretion. In this perspective God impart demand a full account for ascertain when to choose to end career. The suicide equivocally tells God that He leave simply get under ones skin to take the deeds performed in the body instead of regarding life as a trust, by not abandoning it, or denying that God is worthy. The choice of suicide seems to reveal the duty to live life in a way which indicates gratitude towards what has been given ( Camenish, 216).\r\nSince God is transcendent, ultimately all things, even poor will be make well. The Qu’rannic View of Suicide The Qu’ran expressly prohibits suicide, regarding all life as sacral. The sanctity of human life is accorded a special place. The Qu’ran states that the first and foremost basic life of a human macrocosm is the right t condition not life, which God has do devoted, except by way of justice and law; and then doth He command you, that you may learn wisdom (Qu’ran 6:151) Additionally, the Qu’ran states: If anyone kitty a person, unless it be for murder, or for spreading evil in the whole land, it would\r\nbe as if he slew the whole people-and if a ny one save a life, it would be as if he saved the life of a whole people. (Qu’ran 5:32) Thus, the Qu’ran is on the whole suck up where it stands on the fetching of life. The Islamic Tradition and the View of Suicide In light of the Qu’rannic perspective of prize for human life, how then did the popularity of suicide bombers come to pass? Blowing oneself up and frequently cleanup spot complimentary victims in such a terrorist manner suddenly refutes the Qu’ran. Yet a spiritual perspective can subvert the traditional perspective.\r\nThis religious perspective is jihad, or the call to a sanctified war, first issued by the founder of Islam, the prophet Mohhammed. Mohhammed standard a â€Å"naskh,” a cutting revelation which replaced the previous ones in the Qu’ran. Surah 9:5 cancels all previous revelations, admonishing his adherents to practice war and coercion to the break day. Basically Surah 9: 5 posits that Muslims moldiness fight anyone who chooses not to replace to Islam. Because Islam is a righteousness of works, the jihad is a great duty and honor that aims to convert the infidel by force. jehad is behind every unsafe terrorist who commits these acts in the name of Islam.\r\nIf doesn’t matter if they win or if they die in the jihad, because they will be successful careless(predicate): if they win, they receive victory; if they die, they are honored by God. new-fashioned jihad came from Sayib Qutb, born in 1906, who visited the U. S. and saw that the Americans were not totally devoted to religion and that the American Muslims to a fault had a pretermit of conviction. He started the radical Islamic movement that reverberates to this day. Bin laden and Al Qaida learned their unsafe techniques form the movement of jihad in Iran, Eygpt and Sudan (Gabriel, 1).\r\nIn Ha’aretz newspaper (December 9, 2001) Sheik Akramek Sabri verbalise that sucide bombers are justified and should be encouraged, critizing other religious leading who issued an Islamic ruling (fatwa) against suicide attacks. The sheik of the Mosque of Cairo control that Islamic law does not condone suicide attacks against exculpatory victims. A prominent mufti in Saudi Arabia issued a akin(predicate) opinion. However, Omar Rahman, leader of al international jihad and the mastermind behind the dry land Trade Center bombardment of 1993, noted that jihad and sidesplitting are the manoeuver of Islam and that if they are taken out, so is the head .\r\nBy following the philosophy of submission, a Muslim is one who submits to Allah, the suicide attacker appears to be around for a long time(Ibid, December 9,2001). Overview Although both(prenominal) Christianity and Islam’s official positions prohibit suicide, the present day outcomes differ. While the Bible has the sixth commandment and other verses and the Qu’ran has 5:32 and 6:151 which respect life, Christianity remains tenacio us through the ages in covering suicide as negative. For Christians, life is a gift and then humans are God‘s property. Islam , however, has further revelations which come afterward the previous ones found in the Qu’ran.\r\nThese excess revelations include a call to jihad or holy war, therefore make self- cleanup position permissible and even honored. culture It is necessary to study the frameworks of both Christianity and Islam to obtain more than a superficial view of their perspectives of suicide. Although Church tradition doesn’t qualify it’s position of self cleanup in Christianity, as sh possess by the early church fathers calling it an abomination and stating that killing oneself is even worse than killing others d accept to the later gallant church and Aquinas stating that it is supernatural ; thus forbidding the taking of one’s own life. Pope John capital of Minnesota II’s distributed\r\nletter states that suicide is a à ¢â‚¬Å"wicked sin,â€Å" holding life sacred and as a trust. Current church traditions, composition not as rasping and proclaiming true Christian suicides will go to heaven, nevertheless equate Christians with God as a figure of authority. He is the owner of the Christian, their creator and the potter who molds the clay, the shepherd who guides the sheep. Additionally, God has given all humans the gift of life, which is to be regarded as a sacred trust and not to be tampered with through the early taking of it. Only God, and God alone, can determine when life is over. If a Christian takes their life prematurely,\r\nthey are robbing God, telling Him He must(prenominal) be satisfied with scarce the works they earn performed to that stage. Since Christianity has at its heart the major doctrines of creation, sin, salvation and fulfillment, nothing can ruin the Christian from God, either in this world or the world to come. God is both native and transcendent and He will make all things ultimately turn out for the best, thus reassuring the Christian to assist on and not commit suicide. On the other hand, official Islam proclaims one message small-arm practicing another. The Qu’ran states that all life is sacred and that all humans thrust dignity.\r\nSeveral verses refer to this fact. However, even though Mohammed wrote these verses down, he also wrote additional verses that failed to be consistent with the original message. These verses , which he wrote after an added revelation, replace the earlier ones of respect for one’s own and other life. Through these additional revelations, Mohammed thus started the archetype of jihad, or holy war. Using this concept he encouraged logger Muslims, who are followers of Allah, and must submit to His teachings, to commit these holy wars, to convert or kill the infidel regardless of whether one’s own life was lost in the process.\r\nFrom the early 20th century, when Muslims visited the U. S. an d saw what they perceived as less than perfect devotion, the jihad was operating at full force. Although present day sheiks and muftis in several countries have issued fatwa against suicide bombers and the taking of innocent life, suicidal terrorists continue, thinking that they are honoring Allah and their cause by killing themselves and others.\r\nReferences\r\nAmundsen, C. (1967). Medicine, Society and religious belief in the Ancient World. Baltimore: John Hopkins. Cavadini,B. (1999). â€Å"By the Renewing of Your Minds,” theological Studies, Vol. 60.Camemish, P. (1998). â€Å"Suicide,” Journal of Religious Ethics,17, no 1, Spring. Donnelly, J. (1998) Suicide: Right or Wrong. Amherst, NY: Prometheus Books. Gabriel, M. (2005)â€Å"Islamic Terrorists,” CNN Fact File, Virginia Beach, Va. Mahohel, J. (2003). â€Å"Christian Doctrines and Ethical Issues,” Theological Studies, vol. 64 Neusner, J. (2000) Jewish and Christian Doctrine. capital of the United K ingdom: Routledge. Pope John capital of Minnesota II. (1995),”Encyclical Letter,” Evangelium Vitae. March 25. â€Å"Terrorism,” (2001). Ha’aretz newspaper, December 9. Smith, G. (2005). â€Å"The Insurgent newsworthiness: Suicide. ” Swans Commentary, September 12.\r\n'