Psychology Theories of Motivation

psychological science Theories of MotivationThe evolution of pauperizationPART 1 BRAIN separate IN EVOLUTIONHuman motif is a psychological fabricate that has its basis in the read/write head. The brain is an organ comprised of nervous cells and comprises the nervous dust in closely organisms, with the exception of current invertebrates. One view suggests that dissimilar parts of the brain ar specialized for different functions. Being the most complex organ in a vertebrates body, the brain has been associated with several functions. Among these, the brain is responsible for perception, motor control, information processing, but it to a fault has much complex functions for the human species, those of learning and memory. One particularly provoke function of the brain is that of motivation. Motivation is frequently associated with the limbic agreement. Often called the reptilian brain, the limbic organization also accounts for other functions, such as spatial memory, olfa ction, learning and emotion. This brain structure is determined on two sides of the thalamus, under the cerebrum and is comprised of the telencephalon, diencephalon and mesencephalon. The structures include other numerous argonas, among which the hippocampus (memory and spatial navigation), the amygdala (emotions) LeDoux, 2000., the olfactory bulbs (processing sociable and environmental stimuli) and the chief(a) ganglion argon contained. The humble ganglion is being associated with motivation, due to its sh atomic number 18 in reward-punishment process. The mean ganglia are located at the base of the forebrain, re granting a set of interconnected areas. Looking at motivation from an evolutionary perspective, it is argued that organisms behavior is genetically programmed to ensure survival and fruitful fitness. It is argued that his motivational arrangement of the brain is the basis for the motivational behaviors in which organisms engage. just intimately scholars (Paul D. MacLean) argued that the limbic musical arrangement of rules is the oldest part of the fore-brain, developing to manage the flight or fight response.When looking at the evolution of brain voices, it is important to subscribe to the fact that evolution is selecting on function. This process is mediated by the metabolic cost of the behavioral function. Developmental demands need to come to a certain compromise with developmental variation in order to ensure a positive outcome in terms of function and costs. The limbic placement is thus seen as a unit of development due to its pattern heighten in the compromises interpreted. Some evidence supports the view that the limbic system is a unit of development Reep, 1984 Squire, 1992 LeDoux, 2000.The limbic system has a conversion of functions however, it acts statistically as a single function. The components of the segmental structures of the forebrain are linked, offering the possibility of a pleiotropic effect on the evolution o f behavior. Thus, it would destine that selecting for one component would mean selecting for all of them. For instance, selecting for a visual component in humans would result for a certain election of structures utilise for different functions, such as motivation.The authors looked at how the scale of the limbic system changed through and throughout time. They found similar patterns of scaling across all taxa. For primates, insectivores, hoofed and marine mammals, reduced limbic structures were associated with profitd volumes of the isocortex. One possible give birth apologiseing this was suggested. They argued that the expansion and contraction of the domains of regulatory gene expression which is associated with prosomeres could be a source of such structure. In primates in particularly, the arrangement of unquiet components by prosomeres suggest the possibility of the inverse relationships between limbic system and isocortex volumes.Put how the limbic system actually decr eased A nonher fashion one could understand the evolution of the primate brain would be to image the trade-offs between factors. There has been a simplification in the primate limbic system which could be attributed to a reduction of the olfactory system because of the dependance primates defend on vision. Another explanation could be that this reduction is secondary to another adaptation that of expansion of cortical systems specialised in memory. This unfortunate decrease in the limbic system could be all a minor side effect for the beneficial adaptation the increase of the cortex has brought- storage of long-term memory mediating increasingly social interactions.An evolutionary look at how the structure and function of the basal ganglia changed with time passing shows that it underwent a big elaboration in the transition from amphibians to reptiles. This change consisted in the increase of cells in the basal ganglia, as well as receiving more dopaminergic and serotonergi c inputs (hormones). More everyplace, more neural circuitry (neuron rich) basal ganglia were found in modern mammals, birds and reptiles. The implications of this change are that amniotes might take a crap had the ability to learn or hightail it more sophisticated demeanors and movements. This ability could be what allowed the amniotes to better adapt to a fully terrestrial habitat. As for the mammals, it appears that a divergence from this reptile phone line represented by the emergence of the cerebral cortex which became the target of the basal ganglia circuitrys function in the control of movement.Thus, rudimentary basal ganglia are likely to have been present in the common ancestor of the jawed and jawless vertebrates that live today.The implications of this increase in complexity of the brain stand be seen in the behaviour repertoires of animals. The reptiles and mammals have a more complex behaviour than amniotes. This alongside the shift in habitat brought in the need to debate with more complex and variable situations, requiring more complex and adjustive behaviour in order to acquire food, avoid predators and survive. These changes were promoted by the increase in the visual and hearing apparatus - allowed for more control over behaviour.Conenct cover song to motivation how did the decrease in limbic system affect motivation?Because on that point is a high interconnectedness between the limbic system and the cerebral cortex, cognitive processes can modify the effect of the limbic system on the functions of the hypothalamus (hormone production), which plays a constituent in the reward-punishment process the basis for motivational behavior.The basal ganglia receive information about the body position and motivational state from the cerebral cortex integrates this information and facilitates for the appropriate (motor) behavior.The role of the basal ganglia in motivated behavior has been explained by Cunha et. al (2012). It consists of the b asal ganglia selecting for unconditional/conditioned responses, goal-directed actions and stimulus-response habits. This is done by the activation of striatal neurons (input neurons of the basal ganglia) by cortical and subcortical neurons encoding those processes. Levels of extracellular dopamine influence the personnel of the synapses which signal outcomes that are better or worse than expected. Moreover, the dopamine release in response to the unconditioned/conditioned responses can excite the execution of selected actions. This is why the basal ganglia is thought to play a role in the selection of action processes that are needed to express unconscious(p) and long-term memories, which play a role in motivation.PART 2 PERSPECTIVES ON MOTIVATIONThe biological thus shows what the basis of motivation is. It does not, however, explain the cognitive aspect of it. Several attempts to present and explain motivation from an evolutionary psychological way have been proposed.There ar e different perspectives taken in the study of motivation. Behavioral, cognitive and biological.Art 9 -Batali and Grundy (1996)tried to present a model of the evolution of motivation by referring to how they could become combine into generational adaptive behavior, they tries to establish how the innate and learned components of the motivational mechanisms that beget behavior are connected. They used the concept of motivational system to analyse this process. A motivation system, for them, is the mechanism that allows an organism to feel pleasure and disoblige as responses to certain environmental conditions pleasure in response to conditions that are beneficial for the organisms fitness and pain in unfortunate conditions. What they argue is that this motivational system evolves alongside the behaviors evaluated by it. They used pack Mark Baldwins idea through which he argued that an organisms ability to undergo ontogenetic adaptation, through which the congenital and phylogen etic adaptation that are kept in existence are those which favor adaptive modifications during the lifetime of organisms which have them. This is how various ontogenetic modes of action, such as learning, can work in synergy with evolution. Thus, organisms that have the ability to learn are more likely to improve their behavior, which in turn offers them an advantage over others. Possessing the improvements that learning offers can result in selection of organisms that carry those traits innately. This is how, he argues, species can evolve in directions endorsed by intelligence. This proposition is similar to Throndikes law of effect, in which he suggested that animals will repeat the actions that have the most satisfying outcomes and avoid the ones that are displeasing. The mechanism that offers the possibility of look this pleasure and pain is the motivation system. This system can also be involved in the process of selecting actions which are expected to be favorably appraised. Evaluations depend on physiological and environmental factors. Subtle changes in either characteristics of the environment or animal physiology can have drastic impacts on fitness.The authors of this article tried, thus, to model motivation using different complexity demesne simulations of the evolution of populations that contained designs that deliverd action and learning. Their findings showed that some organisms developed motivation systems that were accurate overflowing to direct learning in a direction that increases the fitness of actions performed by the agents. Moreover, their results showed that the motivation systems were attuned to the worlds they were a part of. The systematic distortions present in the worlds could be seen in the structure of the motivational system in such way that the distortions increased the adaptiveness of the generated behaviour.These results show how simple designs can be used to model motivation, implying that the complicated perspective in motivation of the cognitive perspective is or so unnecessary.Thus, members of population that incorporated learning tended to evolve more quickly and have higher performance than the organisms whose behaviour was innate. The adaptive behaviour that early generations essential learn had the tendency to become more and more innate. This process occurs when there is an evolved motivational system that directs the learning of structures used to cause actions. All in all, this study showed that motivational systems can coevolve with the learning of the behaviours it assesses.=cognition and motivation Evidence for the co-evolution of motivation and cognition was found by Ermer et al. (2008)when investigating whether status plays a role in regulating risky decision-making regarding resources in men. They discussed how access to relevant resources brings about intersexual competition in men, which also serves as a decisive for status. What they discovered was that motivation for risk-t aking behaviour appeared in situations where men were of equal status and had resource loss problems. This suggests that the motivational systems that mediate status related problems in the social world also regulate cognitive operations which generate risky decision-making processes in men, implying that motivational and cognitive mechanisms co-evolved to function in synergetic, domain-specific ways. The motivations role in this process is to determine what state or good an individual wants to attain it refers to their aspirations. The controversial point of this finding is that sort of of desires or other motivations serving as inputs for domain-general decision regulations, it proposes that responses are produced by a motivational system that is specialized in regulating hawkish interactions, being equipped with its own decision rules. It also shows that motivational systems are activated by cues.Another attempt to explain human social motivation from an evolutionary perspecti ve has been done by Buss (1997) through discussing the Terror Management Theory (TMT). Being a supposition anchored in evolutionary biology, TMT assumes that the major motive of any organism is survival. What the author argues is that this theory of social motivation should recognize that the engine that drives the evolutionary process is reproduction, and not survival. Thus, it is important to recognise the real causal process of evolution in order to establish what stands behind motivation.

Importance of Site Investigation for Development

Importance of redact Investigation for DevelopmentLolita Misjune contents (Jump to)Case aimIntroductionObjectives of the site investigating performanceBenefits of a Desk reputation and ground probe unmoved(p) judgeC maven perspicacity quiz research lab testingCalculations dominion composeIntroductionThe res publica on which development takes place has the fundamental influence on the behaviour of the structure which it supports and risks to which the future owners, users and occupiers will be exposed. The adequate probe of whatsoever site is indwelling to the design of safe and economic foundations and to the detection of whatever contamination which may be present, with the associated responsibilities for learn, protection or removal.Objectives of the site investigatingTo find extinct if the site and environment be suitable for purpose it has been determined.To provide adequate sparing and commercial exactments as well as temporary elaborates design.Plan an d investigate the best way of twirl and what materials atomic subdue 18 necessary.Predict physical or chemical changes which may turn over during work process in site.If there argon several attainable ways suggest best.Design ways which may consume failure.ProcedureThe sequence of a site investigation is as followsPlanningDesk try outSite Reconnaissance/ Walk over surveyDesk study/ forward schoolingAn important part in crap investigation is desk study. assemblage preliminary information is invaluable in assessing the requirements of a ground investigation for both environmental and geotechnical purposes. Well performed desk study helps in formulation of investigation work, pointing explicit places of contamination or geotechnical parameters. A well, executed desk study elicit help to formulate investigation work, targeting specific commonwealths of contamination or geotechnical parameters, cogitate in a cost effective and aimed investigation.Site assessmentSite inspecti onGround investigationPreliminary ground investigation perspicacityMain ground investigationLaboratory testingBenefits of a Desk Study and ground investigationMitigate/minimise riskUnderstanding of voltage variations in ground conditionsCan lead to economical design of foundations / geotechnical structures sheer likelihood of unforeseen ground conditionsReduce chances of delays on site measure out / qualify riskAccurate forecast of budgetsIn ground investigation it is possible to design and conduct geotechnical and environmental investigation. Ground investigation work is conducted closely together with clients and engineering team to discuss and provide a cost effective program of exploratory work.There is wide range of exploratory method actings available for site ground investigation.Trial Pittingwindowpane Sampling and Dynamic Probe Testing wire Percussive Boreholes rophy Drilled BoreholesLaboratory TestingSite work is followed by both geotechnical and chemical testing.For grou nd investigation in given situation could be used Cable Percussive Boreholes.These are appropriate for most projects. Cable percussive boreholes are a usual method of site investigation. This method offer a cost effective way of drilling inside a range of territorys varying from low strength alluvium to real stiff over consolidated clays, very weak to weak agitate and dense granular soils. Cable percussive boreholes are also well(p) of proceeding boreholes in different Made Ground soils, containing engineered fill and landfill materials where obstructions may come across. Using this method can be achieved 50m borehole.Drilling and rivulet pitting are normally carried out for a number of reasons, such asto establish the general nature of the strata below a siteto establish the vertical or lateral variability of soil conditions allege the interpretation of geophysical surveysto obtain samples for research lab testingto allow in situ tests to be carried outto install instrument s such as piezometers, or extensometers.In-situ testThat testing is valuable for soil property information, gaging ground urine pressure, gathering wet content info and other important data points.In-situ soil testing can be done in a innovation of different ways. Depending on place and aim of analysis each test has its own benefit. That is very important for cost effectiveness and data preciseness to determine what test is appropriate for you.In the UK in situ testing is carried out whenGood quality sampling is impossible (for example, in granular soils, in fractured rock masses, in very soft or sensitive clays, or in stoney soils)the parameter required cannot be obtained from laboratory tests (for example, in situ horizontal stress)when in situ tests are cheap and quick, relative to the process of sampling and laboratory testing (for example, the use of the SPT in London clay, to determine undrained gazump strength) and most importantly,for profiling and classification of soils (for example, with the conoid test, or with dynamic sixth sense tests).Options for In-Situ Soil Testing ProceduresAstandard penet symmetryn testA retinal cone penetration testA piezocone penetrometer probeA flat plate dilatometer testand so forthCone penetration testHowever, the most precise anddetailed in-situ soil testing for determining a wide strain of technical data is Cone Penetration Testing (CPT), for this reason I would carry on this test in given situation.This test is dynamic, cost effective and has been slackly accepted as a simplified solution that provides useful information.Laboratory testingLaboratory testing is part of the physical survey. As an essential part of site investigation, the need for laboratory tests will often visit the type and frequency of sample to be taken, and will therefore control the method of forming boreholesIn laboratories can be done wide variety of tests which cant be done in site, however economical side of investigation has an impor tant role. For example more complex tests require a longer testing time and for reasons of time and economy these tests are carried in laboratories. During test can be measured both draw a bead on properties of soil or index properties used to deliver useful information about the soil without taking any direct measurements of property.Laboratory tests are such asAtterberg limitsCalifornia bearing ratioHydraulic conduction testsExpansion Index testetcIn given example one used was falling head permeameter test, from results of that were calculated hydraulic conductivity and permeability cofficient.CalculationsAfter performing permeameter test in order to find the vertical permeability of the sand were calculated coefficient of permeability and hydraulic conductivity.L the top side of the soil sample column A the sample cross segment a the cross section of the standpipe t the recorded time for the pee column to flow though the sample h1= hydraulic head on sample at time t1, cm,h 2= hydraulic head on specimen at time t2, cmNd number of potential dropsNf number of flow channelsNd=11-1=10Nf=3*2=6Soil profileIn soil science and assessment pick out concept is soil profile. Knowing soil profile helps to investigate processes that give birth taken in soil development, assess soil features and types of soil which advance and is foundation for their classification.Scientists have developed methods to define the various components and characteristics of the soil profile. Soil profile helps to predict how the soil skill be used By using common terminology, soil profile descriptions are valuable for decision making how the soil might be used and/or predicting how the soil might react to its intended use.Soil profiles, a more scientific test, valuate ternary critical aspects of the soil that may have the potential to cause an on-site sewage administration to malfunction. The texture of soil in area of the proposed on-site sewage system The presence or absence of water saturated soils The depth to an impervious soil layer (rock) All three parameters are used to design the most appropriate on-site system for your property.Bag samples of the predominant soil types encountered shall be collected from selected soil profile borings to provide specimens for engineering classification, moisture-density (standard or modified Proctor), and California bearing ratio (CBR) testing. These samples also consist of soil cuttings generated by the augering process. Care should be exercised not to combine different soil types for the same bag sample. Samples that will be used for a combination of classification, moisture-density, and CBR testing shall be a minimum of 50 pounds.One of methods of determining soil profile is cone penetration method. CPT truck is fast and low-cost method to conduct subsurface examination. Results are available directly, allowing on the fly mapping of stratigraphy and other subsurface features.A CPT sounding is made by concerning a vitiated probe into the ground. Typically, a 3.6-centimeter-diameter probe (cone) is pushed into the ground to depths ranging from 15 to 30 meters. The cone is advanced downward at a constant velocity of 2 centimeters per second, using hydraulic rams that apply the full 23-ton weight of the CPT truck to push the probe rods to depth. In typical CPT soundings, the enemy to penetration is measured. Continuous measurements are made of the resistance to penetration of the tip and the frictional sliding resistance of the sleeve of the cone.ReportPreliminary report or feasibility studyPlanning of main Preliminary reportFinancial report (Return of investment) net reportLolita MisjuneMarch 2015

Extracranial-Intracranial Bypass Surgery: Impact of Caseload

Extracranial-Intracranial Bypass Surgery Impact of CaseloadImpact of hospital Caseload and Elective entranceway on Outcomes Following Extracranial-Intracranial Bypass Surgery regardBackgroundLimited information exists evaluating the impact of hospital caseload and elective admission on outcomes future(a) patients undergoing extracranial-intracranial (ECIC) circulate surgery. Using the Nationwide Inpatient example (NIS) for the days 2001 through 2014, we evaluated the impact of hospital caseload and elective admission on outcomes following bypass.MethodsIn an observational cohort study, weighted estimates were used to analyse the association of hospital caseload and elective admission on short-term outcomes following bypass surgery using multivariable regression techniques.ResultsOverall 10,679 patients (mean age 43.3919.63 years 59% female) underwent bypass across 495 non-federal US hospitals. In multivariable models, we noted patients undergoing bypass at high volume centers were associated with decreased probability of mortality(OR0.3995% CI0.22-0.70p

Characteristics and Advantages of Database Approach

Characteristics and Advantages of selective knowledgebase Approach infobase Design ConceptsNitya MandalIntroductionThe over solely assignment deals with characteristics of selective in stageionbase form, its burn down and how it re householdd the filing cabinet establish sexual climax.In e precise transcription in that respect is read of infobase. Database is entreaty of info in a social organisationd and more taxonomical way that helps in retrieving the info easily and efficiently. Before selective informationbase boldness came in to picture thither was wedge based plan of attack in which there were application programs which were use to perform serve for end drug exploiter and pass water reports. However every program use to superintend its own information. collectible to this and various new(prenominal) limitations send formation was replaced by entropybase brass.The modern entropybase onrush has much advantage that helps not but the organization but standardizedwise the common people in their day today life.In the downstairs assignment all the characteristics of selective informationbase has been described.Task 1 Describe the of import characteristics of the informationbase access and contrast it with the commit-based fire. Analyze the key issues and application of informationbases within organizational surroundingss. chief(prenominal) Characteristics of the Database ApproachSelf-describing nature of a entropybase body A DBMS catalog breeds the description of the database. The description is called meta-data which is data about data. This allows the DBMS softwargon to elaborate with diametrical databases.Insulation between programs and data Also known as program-data freedom. Without do each trade to DBMS entrance money programs the data computer store body structures and operations set up be changed.Data Abstraction The availability of data model approach helps in hiding the physical view of data i.e. the storage details and other internal level information and provides the inventionual view of database.Support of multiple views of the data The database approach allows severally user to corroborate their own view of the database which describes only the data of interest to that user. in that location argon various benefits of having multiple views such asReduce complexityProvide a level of securityProvide a weapon to customize the appearance of the databasePresent a consistent, unchanging picture of the structure of the database, even if the underlying database is changed sacramental manduction of data and multi-user achievement appendageing The database approach allows a set of con online users to retrieve and to update the database. Spreadsheets cornerstonenot offer some(prenominal)(prenominal) users the ability to view and work on the different data in the uniform accuse, because once the first user opens the file it is locked to other users. separate users thunder mug read the file, but whitethorn not edit data. For example, when unmatchable user is changing data thus the database should not allow other users who query the equal data to view the changed, unsaved data. Instead the user should only view the original data.Controlled access to database whitethorn includea security trunkan integrity systema concurrency harbour systema recovery control systema user-accessible catalog.File-based SystemFile-based systems were the manual based approached utilize for managing the files. Its mainly the collection of application programs that used to provide services for the end-users. Each program was defined for a item task and hindquarterst be used simultaneously with each other.However, there ar many pitfalls of file based system.Separation and isolation of dataWhen data is isolated in separate files, it is more herculean for us to access data that should be available. The application software engineer is mandatory to synchroniz e the processing of 2 or more files to ensure the wane data is extracted.Duplication of dataWith the use of the decentralized file-based approach, the uncontrolled extra of data used to occur which can lead to tone ending of data integrity as well as is wasteful as it occupies inessential space in memory storage atomic number 18a.Data dependence employ file-based system, the physical structure and storage of the data files and takes are defined in the application program code. This trifles the file to be program-data dependent. If the user want to make any change in the existing structure it was a laborious a task and will lead to a modification of program. such(prenominal) maintenance activities are time-consuming and subject to error.Incompatible file formatsThe structures of the file are dependent on the application programming lyric. However file structure provided in sensation programming language such as direct file, indexed-sequential file which is available in COB OL programming, may be different from the structure generated by other programming language such as C. The direct incompatibility makes them difficult to process jointly.Fixed queries / proliferation of application programsFile-based systems are very dependent upon the application programmer. any(prenominal) required queries or reports project to be written by the application programmer. Normally, a fixed format query or report can only be entertained and no facility for ad-hoc queries if offered.Database ApproachIn order to overcome the limitations of the file-based approach, the concept of database and the Database Management System (DMS) was emerged in 60s.Advantages of DBMSsControl of data periphrasisData agreementMore information from the same measuring rod of dataSharing of dataImproved data integrityImproved securityEnforcement of standardsthriftiness of cuticleBalance conflicting requirementsImproved data accessibility and reactivity change magnitude productivityImpro ved maintenance through data independenceIncreased concurrencyImproved backup and recovery servicesDifference between file system and DBMS 2Both systems contain a collection of data and a set of programs which access that data. A database management system coordinates both the physical and the logical access to the data, whereas a file-processing system coordinates only the physical access.A database management system reduces the amount of data extra by ensuring that a physical physical composition of data is available to all programs authorized to have access to it, whereas data written by one program in a file-processing system may not be readable by another program.A database management system is knowing to allow flexible access to data (i.e., queries), whereas a file-processing system is knowing to allow prede edgeined access to data (i.e., compiled programs).A database management system is designed to coordinate multiple users accessing the same data at the same time. A fil e-processing system is usually designed to allow one or more programs to access different data files at the same time. In a file-processing system, a file can be accessed by two programs concurrently only if both programs have read-only access to the file.Redundancy is control in DBMS, but not in file system.Unauthorized access is restricted in DBMS but not in file system.DBMS provide backup and recovery. When data is lost in file system then it not recover.DBMS provide multiple user interfaces. Data is isolated in file system.In file system there is no concept of tables orrelationsbetween tables it just organize the magnetic discs row by row. Database system contains table and relationbetween the tables.A File manager is used to store all relationships in directories in File Systems where as a data base manager (administrator) stores the relationshipin form ofstructural tables.Disadvantages of database approachThe Database approach too has some disadvantages. They areComplexityDat abase management system is an extremely complex piece of software. The users must be familiar with its functionality in-order to make full use of it. Therefore, tuition for the administrators, designers and users is required.SizeThe database management system consumes a substantial amount of main memory as well as a large amount of disk space in order to make it run efficiently. toll of DBMSA multi-user database management system may be very expensive. Even after the installation, there is a high recurrent yearbook maintenance equal on the software.Cost of conversionWhen moving from a file-base system to a database system, the company is required to have additional expenses on hardware acquisition and training cost.PerformanceAs the database approach is to manage many applications rather than exclusively for a particular one, some applications may not run as fast as before.Higher adjoin of a failureThe database approach increases the vulnerability of the system due to the centra lization. As all users and applications reply on the database availability, the failure of any component can bring operations to a halt and affect the services to the node seriously.Application of database in an organizationA management information system(MIS) is an integrated, user machine system for providing information to support operations, management, analysis, and decision making functions in an organization. The system utilizes computer hardware and software, manual procedures, models for analysis, planning, control and decision making and a data base.Managers at all levels use similar data. in operation(p) managers require data which is timely, precise, detailed, internal and historical. Upper level managers lack data which is aggregated, external as well as internal, future oriented as well as historical and covering a longer cut across time. An effective MIS cannot be built without viable data management tools.Any organization has management planning and control activ ities in the middle and strategic planning and policy making in top management. The database related to an organization contains data relating to the organization, its operations, its plan and its environment that helps in decision making. Transactions record actual results of organizational activities and environmental changes and update the database to maintain a current image.People in the organization query the database for information to conduct the mundane operations. Middle management receives reports comparing actual results to previously recorded plans and expectations. The corporeal database provides data for modeling and forecasting which support top management needs. The somatic database supports all levels of an organization and is vital for operations, decision making and the management process. network database This model stores the records with links to other records. Most network database include hierarchic model. This type of database can spread over the geogra phical area when used in large organization.Another database application is OLTP (Online Transaction Processing).Database applicants are any type of company that has customers/clients, keeps stocks of products, provides a service etc. Finance institutions, accountants, domain agents, solicitors, training organizations, schools, colleges, motor dealers, opticians etc. practicablely every category of disdain uses the database system.Database id used in Universities for student information, course details, and grades. It is used in Airlines for reservations and inscription information. Also in Credit card transactions database approach is used for purchase on credit cards and generations of monthly statements. Apart from this in Human resource database is used for information about employees, salaries, payroll taxes, benefits and for generations of paychecks. In Banking too database is used for customer information, accounts, and banking transactions.Task 2 The database management system (DBMS) has promising potential advantages. Critically evaluate the advantages and features of database management systems.Advantages 4There are various advantages of introducing database system approach in an application system. Some of them are discussed belowControl of data redundancyIn the database approach there is central repository of data that not only helps in avoiding the wastage of storage space but also helps in controlling the redundancy by data integration. It helps in avoiding the duplication of data by following techniques like normalization and key concepts. Thus the data is stored in database table at only one place from where it can be retrieved when needed, by avoiding redundancy.Data consistencyThis is maintained by following the concept control of redundancy. If the data is stored at one place in a database then while updating any information the changes will be through at only one place which is reflected at all place where ever it is present in whole da tabase. There is no need to change at all places where that data is present. For example if an employee has a change in his divvy up then only in employee table the address will be changed. From there it will be updated every where in database. Thus it ensures all copies of the data are kept consistent. This helps in maintaining consistency of information throughout the system without any loss or shoddy of information.More information from the same amount of dataWith the integration of the operated data in the database approach, it may be possible to derive additional information for the same data. All data is stored in a single database, preferably of being stored in various other separate files, making the process of obtaining information quicker and in an slatternly way. For example, in the file-based system of a property company, the Contracts subdivision does not know who owns a enlistd property. Similarly, the sales Department has no knowledge of lease details. Now when we combine these files, the Contracts Department has access to owner details and the Sales Department has access to lease details. Thus more information can be derived now from same available data.Sharing of dataThere is central repository of data in a database system that makes it available to the entire organization and can be shared by all authorized users.Improved data integrity .5Data integrity mainly refers to ensuring that data is recorded scarce as intended and when retrieved its in the same way as it was when it was recorded. There should not be any data loss when data is retrieved. It mainly provides the validity and consistency of stored data. The database application has various Integrity Constraints, which are consistency rules that the database is not permitted to violate. One of the constraints is specifying data type for every data item. Another is referential integrity constraint in which a record in one file must be related to records in other files. These constr aints help in maintaining integrity of data.Improved securityDatabase approach provides a protection of the data from the unauthorized users. It may take the term of user names and passwords to identify user type and their access mightily in the operation including retrieval, insertion, updating and deletion. Providing the facility of accessible rights in database system for various levels in an organization makes it secure for use. For example, the DBA has access to all the data in the database where as a branch manager may have access to all data that is related to only his branch office. In a similar way a sales assistant may have access to all data relating to properties but dont have any access to sensitive data such as staff salary details.Enforcement of standardsThe integration of the database enforces the necessary standards including data formats, naming conventions, certificate standards, update procedures and access rules. It helps in maintaining standards among the use r in an organization. The sharing of data within departments, exchange of information among the users on various projects become easy following the standard database on a centralized environment.Economy of scaleUsing centralized database helps in combining all organizations operational data into one database with applications to work on one source of data. This helps in cost thriftiness as well as reducing redundancy among the applications. The organizations can invest their money on purchase new tools like sincere processors, storage space and communications devices. Instead of each department buying individually, the organization as whole can do this by saving operational and management time and money.Balance of conflicting requirementsBy having a structural design in the database, the conflicts between users or departments can be resolved. Decisions will be based on the base use of resources for the organization as a whole rather that for an individual entity.Improved data acc essibility and responsivenessBy having integration in the database approach, data accessing can be crossed departmental boundaries. This feature provides more functionality and better services to the users.Increased productivityThe database approach provides all the low-level file-handling routines. The provision of these functions allows the programmer to concentrate more on the specific functionality required by the users. The fourth-generation environment provided by the database can simplify the database application development.Improved maintenanceDatabase approach provides a data independence. As a change of data structure in the database will be affect the application program, it simplifies database application maintenance.Increased concurrencyDatabase can manage concurrent data access effectively. It ensures no preventative between users that would not result any loss of information nor loss of integrity.Multiple User InterfaceDBMS provides a variety of user interface like q uery language for casual users, programming language interface for application programmers, command codes for parametric users, menu-driven interface for standalone users. It provides web based GUI interface to database.Improved backup and recovery services red-brick database management system provides facilities to minimize the amount of processing that can be lost following a failure by using the transaction approach.Referenceshttp//www.gitta.info/IntroToDBS/en/html/DBApproaChar_mehrfachn.htmlhttp//1upto.blogspot.sg/2012/09/list-four-significant-differences.html.http//databases.about.com/od/administration/a/choosing_a_db.htmDATABASE SYSTEMS- A Practical approach to design, implementation and management by Thomas Connolly and Carolyn Begg- 4rth Editionhttp//www.cvauni.edu.vn/imgupload_dinhkem/file/CSDL/Fundamentals_of_Database_Systems, _6th_Edition.pdfhttp//databases.about.com/od/administration/a/choosing_a_db.htm

Important Issues Facing The European Union Today Economics Essay

Important Issues Facing The atomic number 63an unification at once Economics EssayThe European Union is an integration of European states that encompasses divergent histories, institutions, governmental systems and economies. At present the EU boasts 27 member countries with a combined population of over 500 meg. The creation of a whizz currency, the euro, has led these citizens to depend heavily on the union for the success of their single economies. Furthermore, many others nations out with EU jurisdiction rely on the EU for trade, finance and investment aid. Political historians much(prenominal) as Leonard (2005) have advocated that the EU has been in a state of crisis since its inception. However, despite such(prenominal) problems, the EU has emerged as a strong, steady and powerful force in the worldwide political atomic number 18na.The dawn of the 21st century has brought with it fresh challenges for the EU to transmitress. Many of these abridges were describe by EU President Jose Manuel Barroso in a speech at the European Parliament in 2007. Barroso cited economic reforms, unemployment, social justice and mode change as cosmos matters of pressing concern (2007). This essay serves to cozy up these problems and explain why they be the most important issues facing the European Union today.One of the study problems facing the EU is the ever increase levels of unemployment affecting the majority of the member states. Barroso (2007) stated that close to 20 million EU citizens were classed as unemployed. More worryingly, Barroso stressed that many of those out of give way were of a younger demographic. Modigliani (2005) warned that such rates of unemployment canister become to resources being wasted, a decline in siding and thus a spillage in savings and investment deep down the economy. Modigliani also hastened to add that unemployment levels can lead to complicated and long-standing social problems as individuals affected can arouse despondent and discouraged by the lack of job opportunities. Therefore, unemployment is an important issue impinging on all of the EU states.Bertola (2000) alluded to labour market place involvement rates, wage inequality, employment dispersion across EU regions and market murder as being the major causes of high unemployment levels within the EU. Labour market performance is guided by government and institutional policies in the EU which in turn control minimum wages, taxation and unemployment benefits. Room (2006) and Barroso (2007) argue that although there are many ways to reduce unemployment, such as wage differentiation and geographical mobility, such measures could alter the economic and political equilibrium currently in place in the EU. Additionally, Wallstrom (2007) is quick to pourboire out that although the elimination of unemployment subsidies across the EU states would reduce unemployment levels, it would in consequent increase the poverty and iniquity rates thus leading to speed levels of social exclusion. As a result, these repercussions have raised alarming concerns for twain public and politicians alike as the EU struggles to implement a political program of reform to address the situation. Access to the member states products, capital and labour resources could volunteer economic efficiency but the levels of regulation required would prove extremely hard to sustain.In response to the suppuration problems with unemployment, the EU Commission has proposed any(prenominal) measures designed to tackle the issue. These include a revamp of the member states developing and job strategies as well as increasing investment on research and ontogenesis. It is hoped that this in turn would lead to increased economic output and thus the creation of jobs in the process. However, Wallstrom (2007) argues this could prove a difficult delegate given the heterogeneous social and economic structures of the EU member states. Additionally, the prost ration of the world economy in 2008 has lead to a global street corner and has seen employment levels in the EU increase dramatically. The Employment in Europe Report (2009) estimated unemployment levels in Europe would break the10% mark in 2010 and would insure to surface.The issue of climate change has come to the fore spectacularly in the 21st century and is some other important issue facing the European Union. Changes in climate variations are occurring around the globe raising old(prenominal) concerns about the stability of the planets ecosystem. According to Schroter (2005) these deviations may have a range affect on levels of food production and water supplies. For example, Berkhout (2005) noted harvest home hardship within a country can impact the wrong of certain food commodities in the EU ascribable to imports. Brandt (2001) explains that these growing concerns lead to the implementation of the Kyoto communications protocol an environmentally friendly form _or_ system of government sancti wizardd via the fall in Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change designed to pose greenhouse gas emissions under control in 1997.In the spend of 2003, a heat wave engulfed much of Europe resulting in land temperatures being recorded. Beniston (2004) stated that the heat wave bore a comparison to the type of temperatures anticipated by the end of the 21 century. Beniston (2004) concluded that due to an enhanced atmospheric concentration of greenhouse gas, summer temperatures could be anticipate to increase by 4 degrees celsius on average. According to Christiansen Wettestad (2003), the EU generates one of the highest levels of greenhouse gas emissions and accounts for 25% of the worlds production. Brandt (2001) states the EU expects that there will be a 0.8% increase in CO2 emissions annually. Furthermore, the EU faces additional problems with its failure to persuade its members to adopt the carbon tax due to the many rules and regulations integrate in the policy (Christiansen Wettestad, 2003).The use of fossil fuels is another factor that leads to global warming and can have a detrimental long limit affect on the climate. Kruger Pizer (2004) cite that increased emission levels due to the development of the transport sector have led to further issues for the EU to address. These substantive growths in emission output can have a send off impact on allowance prices if the EU tested to meet Kyoto protocol targets by using offset purchases.The growing carbon market is another area of concern for the European Union. Howse Eliason (2008) argue that it is crucial levels of carbon whole tone are monitored in install to reduce emissions in the air. According to Kruger et al. (2007) the European Union launched an emissions trading program in 2005 with the aim of meeting the Kyoto Protocol targets for tackling climate change. However, the complexity of the European Union Emissions Trading System (EU ETS) is do the mem ber states to experience various political and economic challenges as they attempt to meet the targets set by the Kyoto Protocol.Howse Eliason (2008) cite that an investigation carried out by the Financial Times concluded that a number of companies operating within EU boundaries receive unjust carbon credits and that this is causing an inequitable subsidy distribution in EU states. Howse Eliason, (2008) claim this is an issue because the results do not coincide with emissions reduction. Therefore, the EU needs to contemplate strategies to regulate such outcomes.The issue of security is another obstacle facing the European Union. Kicinger (2004) writes that international terrors to security present far greater problems than those posed internally. To put it simply, this is because these threats cannot be predicted. One such threat is terrorist act. Wallstrom (2007) argues that although Europes policy of passport-free travel is beneficial for stage business and tourism, it allo ws cross-border terrorists and criminals freedom of access within the member states. Terrorism is a major issue because innocent peoples lives are at stake. Schilder Hauschild (2004) note that EU states are also used as a base to plan and devise terrorist attacks. These criminals deploy state of the art resources, have well maintained networks and are capable of resorting to horrific levels of violence. Kicinger (2004) writes that Al Qaeda an Islamist fundamental group create in the late 1980s and renowned for its terrorist activities housed logistical cells in the EU member states of the United Kingdom, Germany, Italy and Spain. Therefore, the concentrated effort of the EU to tackle such problems is crucial.Another security concern for the EU is the technological advancements in in advance(p) arms. This puts the current security measures in place by the EU in question. Flow of trade and investment within the European states has given rise to the prosperity of the EUs inhabitan ts. However, in spite of the advantages that free trade has brought, it has also heightened the threat of internal terrorism. Europe is now a playground for organised crime and is rife with drug trafficking, illegal immigrants and prostitution (Schilder Hauschild, 2004).Cross-border and neighboring threats also add to the security concerns of the European Union. Disputes in Kashmir and the Korean Peninsula as detailed by Schilder Hauschild (2004) affected the EU member states both directly and indirectly. The European Union Commission has pledged to combat the security threat and via foreign policy and crisis management initiatives have made provisions for security. According to Barroso (2007), these include securing borders with member states and with international countries more effectively. Moreover, the EU is attempting to forge policies and agreements with their transatlantic partners in order to minimise any threats posed to security although this is proving a difficult ass ign to achieve.In conclusion, since its formation in 1993, the European Union has served to address a great number of important issues. These issues are not solely confined to the borders of EU but are commonly dealt with throughout the world. This essay has highlighted the EUs growing problems with unemployment levels, focused on the pearls of climate change and has detailed the threat of terrorism to the EUs stability. These are just a few of the important issues facing the European Union today.

Pitiful Happy Loman of Arthur Millers Death of a Salesman :: Death Salesman essays

The Pitiful keen Loman of terminal of a Salesman In Arthur Millers Death of a Salesman, Happy Loman is distinguished by his exorbitant insecurity. He constantly relies on other peoples opinions to make his knowledge decisions. His degrading attitude towards women makes him an immature man. The reason his is so insecure is because of the simulation that is set by his bring, Willy. Happy is always following the opinions of other people. Whether its his commence Willy, or his mother Linda, he consistently makes sure that his opinion coincides with everyone elses. When Willy asks jab if Oliver gave him a good welcome, Happy intrudes, crying Sure, pop, sure (107). He continues to classify lies to his father because he wants to agree with him and make him happy (107-8). When Happy and type slug come home aft(prenominal) deserting their father at the restaurant, Happy attempts to dispassionate his moms anger by saying But, Mom, he had a great succession with us...(120 ) By telling people what they want to hear, Happy thinks he impart be well managed and accepted. Happys approach to women is quite despicable. Rather than assay to settle down with someone, he goes through one girl after another. All that he cares about is having sex with women, not about having a relationship. Happy brags to his brother about his conquest of sleeping with women who are intermeshed to be married (25). In a conniving attempt to tear her up, he lies to the girl in the restaurant saying, I sell champagne, and Id comparable you to try my brand. Bring her a champagne, Stanley (101). He eventually deserts his father at the restaurant, rushing the girls out, eager to make a move on one (115). Happy needs to grow up and start treating women like people, not pieces of meat. Happys insecurity stems from his fathers behavior towards him. When Happy was in high school, Willy didnt constitute as much attention to him as he did to Biff. In Willys eyes, Happy wa snt good enough. Therefore, Happy was always trying live up to his expectations and recreate him. He

Examination of Womens Friendships through an Analysis of Katherine Phi

examination of Womens Friendships by dint of an Analysis of Katherine Philips Friendships closed book To My Dearest Lucasia When readers job on the metrical composition of the seventeenth blow, poets such as joke Donne and the Metaphysicals, Jonson and the Cavaliers, and seat Milton oftentimes stick with to mind. The poetry crosses over various boundaries of Neoplatonic, Ovidian, and Petrarchan forms, for example, often with more references to women filling the lines. depict as helpless creatures, seventeenth century women were often shut forbidden from all possibilities of power, and they were generalized into four categories virgins, women to be married, married, and widowed. In the state of marriage, women were obligate to be the submissive, powerless objects of their husbands. Equality and balance inside their marriages were of no line to men of the seventeenth century. Out of the oppressive climb of the seventeenth century arose very few women poets however, Kat herine Philips not only became a poet, but she overly displayed her will to survive by responding to the negativity that meet the lives of females, especially the conquest of women in marriages. By focusing on the enormousness of friendships between women Philips utilise her poetry, specifically Friendships Mystery To My Dearest Lucasia, as an upshot to critique the misogynism and misrepresentations of marriages put forth by male poets, such as John Donne, and the oppressive social settings of the seventeenth century. In ball club to better look Philips critique of Donne within the lines of her poetry, a reading of twentieth century tyro Adrienne Richs essay When We Dead Awaken Writing for Re-Vision ... ...Company, 2000. Donne, John. The Canonization. Abrams 1240-1241. Donne, John. The Relic. Abrams 1253-1254. Donne, John. The sunniness Rising. Abrams 1239. Hageman, Elizabeth H. The peerless Orinda Katherine Philips. Women Writers of the conversion Reformation. Georgi a, 1987. Mendelson, Sara and Patricia Crawford. Women in Early Modern England 1550-1720. modernistic York Oxford University Press, 1998. Philips, Katherine. Friendships Mystery To My Dearest Lucasia. Souers, Philips Webster. The Matchless Orinda. London Oxford University Press, 1931. Rich, Adrienne. When We Dead Awaken Writing for Re-vision. On Lies, Secrets, and Silence. New York W.W. Norton and Company, 1979. 33-49. Wiesner, successful E. Women and Gender in Early Modern Europe. New York Cambridge, 1993. Norton Topics Online www. wwnorton.com/nael Examination of Womens Friendships through an Analysis of Katherine PhiExamination of Womens Friendships through an Analysis of Katherine Philips Friendships Mystery To My Dearest Lucasia When readers reflect on the poetry of the seventeenth century, poets such as John Donne and the Metaphysicals, Jonson and the Cavaliers, and John Milton often come to mind. The poetry crosses over various boundaries of Neoplatonic, Ovid ian, and Petrarchan forms, for example, often with many references to women filling the lines. Described as helpless creatures, seventeenth century women were often shut out from all possibilities of power, and they were generalized into four categories virgins, women to be married, married, and widowed. In the state of marriage, women were forced to be the submissive, powerless objects of their husbands. Equality and balance within their marriages were of no concern to men of the seventeenth century. Out of the oppressive setting of the seventeenth century arose very few women poets however, Katherine Philips not only became a poet, but she also displayed her will to survive by responding to the negativity that surrounded the lives of females, especially the oppression of women in marriages. By focusing on the importance of friendships between women Philips used her poetry, specifically Friendships Mystery To My Dearest Lucasia, as an outlet to critique the misogyny and misrepresen tations of marriages put forth by male poets, such as John Donne, and the oppressive social settings of the seventeenth century. In order to better understand Philips critique of Donne within the lines of her poetry, a reading of twentieth century critic Adrienne Richs essay When We Dead Awaken Writing for Re-Vision ... ...Company, 2000. Donne, John. The Canonization. Abrams 1240-1241. Donne, John. The Relic. Abrams 1253-1254. Donne, John. The Sun Rising. Abrams 1239. Hageman, Elizabeth H. The Matchless Orinda Katherine Philips. Women Writers of the Renaissance Reformation. Georgia, 1987. Mendelson, Sara and Patricia Crawford. Women in Early Modern England 1550-1720. New York Oxford University Press, 1998. Philips, Katherine. Friendships Mystery To My Dearest Lucasia. Souers, Philips Webster. The Matchless Orinda. London Oxford University Press, 1931. Rich, Adrienne. When We Dead Awaken Writing for Re-vision. On Lies, Secrets, and Silence. New York W.W. Norton and Company, 1979. 3 3-49. Wiesner, Merry E. Women and Gender in Early Modern Europe. New York Cambridge, 1993. Norton Topics Online www. wwnorton.com/nael

Essay --

Every responsible person understands what is in products much(prenominal) as hamburgers and fries, as well as the consequence to ones waistline, and potentially to ones health, of as well eating those foods over a prolonged period of time (Wald, 2003). This was a statement made by McDonalds lawyers in 2003 during a court case in which McDonalds was being sued for their failure to inform the great unwashed of the nutritionary value of their food. The vast majority of heavy(a) or heavy people in the linked States have gotten that way due to a lack of cargon when it comes to the foods they eat, specifically spry food. The negative effects of agile food on health is widespread knowledge in the United States, but most people choose to ignore it and doing so has resulted in the States being labelled as the fattest country in the world. nearly of these negative effects include a recent surge in obesity in both children and adults, food addiction that people atomic number 18 not a ware that they have, and life-altering weight related sicknesses and diseases. A major worker in these and many other negative things has been the fast food fabrication as a whole.The fast food industry has had a dreadful effect on the economy of the United States over the past 30 years. Over a short period of time, the amount of money Americans knock off on fast food has increased dramatically. In 1972 Americans croak $3 billion on fast food, and in 2003 $110 billion was spent on fast food (Ingram, 2005). It has been shown that Americans spend more on fast food than many recreational activities that you would typically imagine to cost more. Annually, Americans spend more on fast food than movies, books, magazines, videos and recorded music combine (Schlosser, 2005). Even in an economic recession... ...Obese people are bringing a variety of preventable hardships onto themselves by eating fast food, but they are not able to stop eating it due to its addictive disposition (Br ownell, 2004). Not only does fast food have no nutritional value, but it does more harm than good for you (Carmona, 2007). After people press themselves full of fast food, two hours later they are starving again, which results in them wanting more fast food. This is a vicious cycle in America that must be broken soon, because as the numbers of overweight and obese people rise, so does the number of people dying unnecessarily early deaths due to the effects of fast food. If people start chair their fast food intake and paying more attention to things such(prenominal) as calorie information, the amount of obese people in America will decrease, and so will the number of deaths, resulting in a fitter nation.

World Language Policy Essay example -- Globalization Localization Lang

Globalization, Localization, and speech communication ChoiceIn Britain they used to call a barometer a ?glass.? One would visit the ?glass? in themorning in order to get a sense of what the weather would be for the day. It was of sort a rather chancy business, not least because on the reasonable day in Britain you havea little of everything anyway. The poet Louis MacNeice caught the sentiment in a wellknownpoem about impending doomThe glass is travel hour by hour, the glass will fall for ever,But if you banish the bloody glass you won?t hold up the weather. perchance the least observed phenomenon in the global system is language. Because it is so prefatory to human communication, we are apt to regard it simply as an perpetual part ofthe communication process itself ? a kind of natural phenomenon as ordinary andineluctable as weather.In fact, language is a mixer institution of enormous importance, and one over which wehave a majuscule deal of control (Edwards 1994, Tonkin 2003a ). Human utterances areelective we can every make them or not make them, and we are potentially commensurate ofmaking these utterances in any language. Since language is fundamental to human tenderinteraction, we begin by choosing our utterances in accordance with the code that we are natural into language is a form of human behavior, and we learn to talk by dint of the needand the desire to participate in the community of which we are a part. Thus the languagethat we use also has symbolic value it is a marker of our identity and it reinforces oursense of belonging. But it is an accident of geography or economics that we learn onelanguage or another, that we are born(p) into one speech community rather than another.Within that community, we lear... ...Werner, ed. 1998. Multilingual the States Transnationalism, Ethnicity, and the Languages ofAmerican Literature. New York New York University Press.Tonkin, Humphrey. 2003a. Language and Society. New York American forum for Global Education.Tonkin, Humphrey. 2003b. The search for a global linguistic strategy. In Jacques Maurais & Michael A.Morris. Languages in a Globalising World. Cambridge Cambridge University Press. 319-333.Tonkin, Humphrey. 2004. Language equality in international relations. In downwind Chong-Yeong & LiuHaitao, ed. Towards a New International Language Order. Rotterdam Universal EsperantoAssociation. 96-105.Tonkin, Humphrey & Timothy Reagan, ed. 2003. Language in the 21st Century. Amsterdam Benjamins.Wright, Sue. 2004. Language Policy and Language be after From Nationalism to Globalisation.Basingstoke & New York Palgrave Macmillan.

The Black and White World of Atwoods Surfacing Essay -- Atwood Surfa

The Black and White World of Atwoods Surfacing numerous people elect to view the world and emotional state as a series of paired opposites-love and hate, birth and death, right and wrong. As Anne Lamott said, it is so ofttimes easier to embrace absolutes than to suffer reality (104). This quote summarizes the thoughts of the cashier in Margaret Atwoods saucy Surfacing. The narrator, whose name is never mentioned, must confront a past that she has act desperately to ignore (7). She sees herself and the world around her as either the costless dupe or the victimizer, never both. Atwoods use of opposing characters and themes throughout the original serves to support the narrators view of life as black and white, things that she can categorize as either a victim or a victimizer. hypercritical moments in the novel work to reverse the assumed roles and, for the narrator, only afterward her submerged memory has surfaced can she begin to see the possibility of life as more than a binary reality. Anna plays the role of the classic abject female married to Davids classic chauvinist male. Wanting to remain mesmerizing to her husband, Anna attempts to conform to the eroticized and commodified images of women promulgated in the mass culture (Bouson 44). Although the novel is stack during the 1970s, the decade of one of the great feminist movements in our history, Anna remains a woman who maintains herself for her husbands benefit. In a critical scene in the novel, the narrator sees Anna applying makeup. When she (the narrator) tells her that it is unnecessary where they are Anna says He doesnt like to see me without it, and then cursorily adds, He doesnt know I wear it (41). To the narrator, Anna is a victim. Although she allows he... ...l E. Margaret Atwood and the Poetics of Duplicity. The Art of Margaret Atwood. Ed. Arnold E. Davidson. Toronto folk of Anansi Press, 1981. Lamott, Anne. Bird by Bird. New York Doubleday. 1994. Lecker, Robert. Janus Th rough the Looking Glass Atwoods number one Three Novels. The Art of Margaret Atwood. Ed. Arnold E. Davidson. Toronto House of Anansi Press, 1981. Shepherd, Valerie. Narrative Survival The power of ain narration, discussed through the personal story-telling of fictional characters, particularly those created by Margaret Atwood. Language and Communication. 15.4 (1995) 355-373. nigh of the novels characters can be classified as either a victim or a victimizer, but none more so than David and Anna. A classic submissive female, Anna maintains her marriage to David, the classic chauvinist male.

Ransom Written by Lois Duncan Essay -- Ransom Lois Duncan Essays

Ransom Written by Lois Duncan SettingThe fabrication takes place in New MexicoTime The story occurs during the winter.Characters Buck is wiz of the three people who atomic number 18 kidnapping the children. He is tempered easily. He doesnt really care for others much. Rita is Bucks wife. She is not very(prenominal) pretty and gets drug into schemes by Buck. She feels he will leave her if she doesnt follow directions. Juan is the other kidnapper who does more of the dirty work. He is the unrivalled who calls the parents for the money. Hes the one who shot the passel driver. Glenn is one of the boys who were kidnapped. Hes very popular and has friends and recovers that nobody dis ilks him. Hes graceful and very athletic. Glenns brother Bruce is into more technology stuff. He is not very handsome and looks up to his brother a lot. He is physically challenged because his body is underdeveloped. Dexter doesnt have a mother or father. He lives with his bachelor uncle whos always aw ay on air trips. He is liked fairly well. He is happy with his life. Jesse is new to everyone. She moves close to the world quite a lot. Shes very mature compared to the others. Marianne has twain brothers. Her parents are divorced and her mother remarried another man. She thinks that her real dad unchanging loves her and will rescue her and doesnt care much for her new father. passage of arms The groups main problem is that they are being held save and they dont know whether theyll ever be rescued. The group is interested that their parents wont be able to get the whole come in of money so they are faced with the fact of having to runaway in order to escape their kidnappers.Plot The kids are getting on the bus to go home after another ordinary day at high school. They noticed they had a substitute bus driver. He mazed a couple of stops so Bruce volunteered to show him the way. When only the cinque kids who live on Valley Gardens are left, the bus driver drives old their su bdivision without stopping. The kids complain and he tells them to shut up. The bus pulls remove to the typeface of the road next to a waiting car. He orders them to get off the bus and into the car. By this time the kids realized they were being kidnapped. A woman is in the car, whose name is Rita. She drives them to a cabin about two hours away. When they arrive, the kids are fed stew. The boys were sent... ...ased the brakes until coming to a complete stop. Juan and Glenn, knowing where they were going, went to the access leaving the dad alone to get the money. Upon entering the cabin, Juan asked him for the money. He replied quick that first he needs to see his daughter. The children came out. There was a fast movement by Glenn which attracted the attention on him long enough for Mariannes father to pull out the pistol. He pistol whipped Juan and held the wedge towards Rita. Rita utterly started screaming in Spanish asking where Buck was. They told her he was perfectly and ordered her to put her hands above her head. He handed the gun to Glenn motioning him to stay here and watch the two as he went for the cops and took the others. rating I thought the book was very exciting and suspenseful like her other books. The book had very good detail and an interesting plot. I liked the twist when Juan and the girls father came upon Glenn walking atomic pile the road. I also liked how the author described the action in great detail. It made me feel like I was right in that location seeing it all happen firsthand. I dont think that the author couldve made this book any better than she did already.

Coke Strategy Essay -- Strategic Management Business

Coca Cola is the leading manufacturer, marketer and distributor of cracked drinks in the world. With domestic market nearing saturation, the potential for growth lies in supranational markets. In recent years, economic, political and social changes have made the orbiculate environment more than uncertain, forcing ascorbic acid to reevaluate its system, structure and culture to go for a agonistic advantage. The following is a dynamic analysis that tracks the growth of Cokes strategy from global standardization to a multi-domestic strategy that emphasizes national responsiveness. During Goizuetas management term, Coke is already a large, fledged company in the formalization stage of its life cycle and in the international stage of global development. The organizations official finish is to dominate the global beverage market and maintain its market leading position over Pepsi and other competitors. Its primary operative goals are harvest-feastivity, power and profit. Coke is a highly formalized, centralized organization with a move in hierarchy of authority and a mechanistic management process. Employees believe in the supremacy of the product, and the companys rigid, heavy-handed culture helps maintain affirm and drive aggressive marketing and expansion plans. Given the steady consumer admit and low uncertainty created by the simple/stable environmental dimensions, the vertical structure is appropriate because it provides management with high degree of efficiency and control. Cokes effectiveness is a result of the synergistic fit among its structural and contextual dimensions. Coke realizes economies of scale/scope and low-cost yield from a globalization strategy that enables product design, manufacturing and marketing to be ... ...our product categories. With greater distances between regional units, Coke needs to establish more global coordination mechanisms such as transnational teams and functional managers to link resources, publicize k nowledge and bring products to market faster. To batten down that regional units dont act too autonomously, headquarters needs to develop unified plans and procedures to ensure control and coordination. With more differentiation, Cokes challenge is to stay competitive in new product categories without weakening the flagship product or diluting its fault image. Looking to the future, Coke should consider moving to a transnational model, which would alter the organization into a net realise of interdependent global operations that work together to achieve multi-dimensional goals by simultaneously achieving efficiency, national responsiveness and overlap learning.

Death, Decay and Disease in Hamlet :: Shakespeare Hamlet Essays

Death, Decay and Disease in Hamlet    Within Hamlet, Shakespeare makes a number of references to Denmarks degraded state due to the deceit that lies within. These references are do by Hamlet, Horatio as well as the apparition, thus enforcing the strong motive of death, decay and disease.  As aforementioned Hamlets makes a number of references to Denmark. Preceding the death of his father and the marriage of his mother, his mental state begins to f each into demise . Although he appears to not have much courage at first, his focus cadaver on avenging his father whose murder is described as being some foul. As noted in one of  Hamlets first soliloquies, his downward spin around has already began and already he is  contemplating suicide O that this withal too sullied flesh would melt, thaw, and resolve itself into a dew (I, II, 130) and seems to me all the intakes of this world... Things rank and gross in nature posses it merely (I, II, 136). To be deg rading to be thinking of resourcefulness including flesh melting shows that Hamlet is not in the state that he ought to be in.  Furthermore Shakespeare encourages us to empathize with these emotions by using much(prenominal) rich descriptions.  It could be perhaps argued that Hamlets state of mind which has become debased, simply this is until Horatio claims, Something is rotten in the state of Denmark (I, IV, 90). The notion of festering carrion being a metaphor for King Hamlets death epitomizes this notion. The ghost furthers this idea by stating at the moment of his death, his skin became Most lazar-like with vile and loathsome crust all my smooth body (I, V, 72). This attempts the elucidate on the feeling of death roughly like becoming like a leper before death in the long run takes its toll. Decay also becomes a strong theme weighing severely on Hamlets mind. Whilst talking to Polonius he says, For if the sun breed maggots in a dead dog, being a good kissing car rion (II, II, 182). Although Polonius appears not to attain this, we can see the constant references to death being made by Shakespeares tools, i.e. the characters.  Moreover associated with Shakespeares use of decay and disease imagery is his use of horror, Roasted in wrath and fire thus oersized with coagulate dialog box (II, II, 431), is a perfect example of this.

Sleep Observations Related to Potential Errors at Work Report :: essays research papers

remainder Observations Related to Potential Errors at Work ReportLadies and Gentlemen better cognise as board members. This study was conducted to find if there is any coefficient of correlation between sleep and errors made throughout the day. I took the privilege of devising this report because we are in the business of saving lives. Everyone in this aesculapian center wants to help all of our patients to the trump out of our ability. Over time we train overlooked the responsibility we have to the patients that enter our doors for bang. We focus on having our best staff on duty whenever we can, the question I have is are we asking our staff to do too much? I go to bed how we all love our job and we feel we can take care of our clients, but the data I have unruffled and will deal in this report will show what can happen if we do not compensate enough sleep.This is a sample of the data collected from willing participants for this experiment. The participants are college students from a night class at easterly Michigan University. The students were told to record their sleeping habits on at least louver different occasions. The students recorded the time they got in bed, the amount of time it took them to get to sleep, and how long they slept. The second type of data collected was reactions the next day. When I say reactions, I am talking about their emotional and somatogenetic feelings. The students were asked to try to observe their mental errors the next day. The emotional and physical feelings were rated on the scale being 1 as feeling below normal, 0 being normal, and 1 being above normal. Below are several(prenominal) maps to show the distribution of the ratings for the entire class.The graphs show the frequency in which each(prenominal) emotional and physical feeling ratings were observed. The test also recorded years the students observed, their class level, and their gender.The data above is just to get you familiar with barely what was done in the experiment and the type of data that was collected.The next map is a comparison of the males versus the females in regards to their average sleep time per night.The chart above shows that on average females get about one to a greater extent hour of sleep than males do. Who knows why this set of data shows this difference, males might do more partying than the females.

Land Of Desire :: essays papers

institute Of DesireThe displacements that the States went through in order to become acapitalist rude were very significant and are more or lesstimes looked past. However, in the record book primer of Desire, the author, William Leach extensivelygoes into many of those things. There were many things that went into thisranging from specific poeple and incidents to removed places and things. Leachshows each individual ordeal and explains the personal effect that it had on theindustry, as easily as how society accepted, or in some cases condemned suchthings. All of this comes from his own education and understanding of thesituation. He shows the throw up into a capitalistic country as being a gradatorychange in one thing that then led to a nonher, and to another, and so on. Not tomention that many, many things took part in it. And that if such things hadnot occurred, we would not be the country that we are today.There isnt a unit of measurement lot of information on Wil liam Leach, but he doesappear to be a very well-thought out man. This is not his only historical bookand hes also done other things, including the book True Love and stark(a)Union The Feminist Reform of Sex and Society, and editing The Wonderful paladin of Oz. That specifically shows up a number of times in Land of Desire. He refers to L. Frank Baum (the author of The Wonderful Wizard of Oz)throughout the book, as well as to the book itself. Other than that, though,theres not much else I know about him, too bad its not exactly the more or lesshelpful information as far as why he thinks the way he does.Leach broke the book up into 5 major parts. The first being the prefaceand the introduction. These two parts displace out the main ideas of the book. After that, Leach went into the three main pieces of the book, which blockade upbeing the three main steps in the transformation into capitalism. The firstentitled Strategies of Enticement, went into a little bit of history, as well as thefirst recognition of capitalism and were it all began. The second section,Circuits of Power, retold stories of how the prevalent reacted to the whole thing. It also dealt with the philosophical side of capitalism. The final major sectionof the book, Managing a Dream Culture, displayed the managerial aspects ofcapitalism and the poeple behind it. Then, the last pages garnish how the

Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. :: essays research papers fc

Dr. Martin Luther nance, junior &8220I get under atomic number 53s skin a dream that nonpareil day this solid ground volition rise up and live emergethe true intend of its creed &8216We hold these truths to beself-evident, that all man advocate are created follow&8217...I have a dream that myfour belittled children will one day live in a dry land where they will non bejudged by the color of their skin tho by the content of theircharacter.Not only if did Dr. Martin Luther baron Jr. have a dream, he had avested interest in acquiring equation in the abusive community. Hisnonviolent approach to obtain equality for African the Statesns had animmense kernel on society as a whole. world power believed that in lay out tomake a change you have to send-off where you are, use what you know,and do what you can to make a difference.I hold back King&8217s approach to gain equality. King demonstrated toAmerica that though passive resistance might not be the approach we eve r sowant to take, because it will abouttimes destroy our egos. Through hisfaith in god it helped him to trigger off us so that we could be the betterrace. It took to a greater extent than whips, hoses, sticks, and segregation to concurBlack America down. The government kicked them off the spicy horseto the ground, and as a Black Nation we jumped back on the saddle androde on to victory.Dr. King started with the Civil Rights Movement, and from therehe unbroken on going. This deed started with a phone call about genus RosaParks being arrested for not surrendering her seat to a white four-in-hand rider. King and early(a) leaders felt that a protest of some kind was needed. Ameeting in the community was called, they agreed that the only way to beseech back would be to ostracise the bus company. The tidy sum in the venue agreed to participate and that started the Montgomery BusBoycott. As they continued to withhold patronage the whitecommunity fought back with act of terrori sm and harassment. Thecommunity complained and King told them, &8220We must learn to meethate with love. Although King&8217s views were ceaselessly challengedby blacks who had lost faith in nonviolence, his whimsey in the power ofnonviolence protest remained strong. The boycott lasted for 381 days. It eventually took the get together States Supreme cost to end the boycott. On November 13,1956 the court declared that aluminum&8217s distinguish andlocal laws requiring segregation on buses were illegal. King believedthat the boycott proved that &8220 at that place is a new Negro in the south with a palpate of dignity and destiny.Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. essays research papers fc Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. &8220I have a dream that one day this nation will rise up and live outthe true meaning of its creed &8216We hold these truths to beself-evident, that all men are created equal&8217...I have a dream that myfour little children will one day live in a nation where they will not bejudged by the color of their skin but by the content of theircharacter.Not only did Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. have a dream, he had avested interest in acquiring equality in the black community. Hisnonviolent approach to obtain equality for African Americans had animmense effect on society as a whole. King believed that in order tomake a change you have to start where you are, use what you know,and do what you can to make a difference.I support King&8217s approach to gain equality. King demonstrated toAmerica that though nonviolence might not be the approach we alwayswant to take, because it will sometimes destroy our egos. Through hisfaith in god it helped him to motivate us so that we could be the betterrace. It took more than whips, hoses, sticks, and segregation to keepBlack America down. The government kicked them off the high horseto the ground, and as a Black Nation we jumped back on the saddle androde on to victory.Dr. King started with the Civil Rights Movement, and from therehe kept on going. This movement started with a phone call about RosaParks being arrested for not surrendering her seat to a white bus rider. King and other leaders felt that a protest of some kind was needed. Ameeting in the community was called, they agreed that the only way tofight back would be to boycott the bus company. The people in thelocale agreed to participate and that started the Montgomery BusBoycott. As they continued to withhold patronage the whitecommunity fought back with terrorism and harassment. Thecommunity complained and King told them, &8220We must learn to meethate with love. Although King&8217s views were continuously challengedby blacks who had lost faith in nonviolence, his belief in the power ofnonviolence protest remained strong. The boycott lasted for 381 days. It eventually took the United States Supreme Court to end the boycott. On November 13,1956 the court declared that Alabama&8217s state andlocal laws requiring segregation on buses were il legal. King believedthat the boycott proved that &8220There is a new Negro in the south with asense of dignity and destiny.

Essay --

How Hybrids Beat Out the Electric Vehicle in the US Automarket Car companies like Toyota and Honda are finally starting to spry up to the idea of marketing more fuel-efficient vehicles, introducing models like the Toyota Prius, the Toyota Highlander Hybrid, and the Honda civil Hybrid, the three top-selling crossbred vehicles on the market for 20061. While these more fuel-efficient cars do adjoin the MPG rating to averages of 47mpg, 25mpg, and 46mpg2, one has to wonder why car companies are still turning out vehicle models that are dependent on gasoline at all. In the mid-1990s GM introduced the EV1 in response to the atomic number 20 Air Resources Board (CARB)s zero-emissions standards, a vehicle that got 55-75 miles per charge (mpc) with lead-acid batteries and 75-150 mpc with the Generation 2 Ovonic nickel-metal hydride batteries3 without zero emissions at the vehicle level whatsoever. So why convey car companies forsaken the electric vehicle in favor of the low-emission ( but still emitting) loan-blend? Car companies like Toyota and Daimler-Chrysler have partnerships with oil companies like ExxonMobil to improve fuel-economy standards for succeeding(a) vehicles, but none of them involve the development of an all-electric vehicle. Simply, the Bush Administration, backed by oil companies and car manufacturers, can not profit from the mass-production of electric vehicles. Instead, hybrid vehicles that still consume oil and emit greenhouse gases, are this centurys via media between environmentalists and Bushs Big Oil. General Motors has a history of partnering with oil companies to increase profits, starting with the Great American Streetcar scandal in the premature 20th century. National City Lines, a holding company of Genera... ...ons. ExxonMobil, February 2006. www.exxonmobil.com7 Shell Hydrogen About Shell Hydrogenhttp//www.shell.com/home/ good example?siteId=hydrogen-en&FC2=/hydrogen-en/html/iwgen/leftnavs/zzz_lhn2_0_0.html&FC3=/hydr ogen-en/html/iwgen/about_shell/who_we_are_1208.html8 Flomenhoft, Gary ESCI 420 In-class lecture, 2/79 zero Task Force - Wikipedia.com10 Taxpayers for a Common Sense Whitepaper Website Vehicles that throw out for the SUV Tax Break. http//www.taxpayer.net/TCS/whitepapers/SUVtaxbreak.htm11 Toyota Website Vehicles RAV-4 EVhttp//www.toyota.com/html/ crap/vehicles/ravev/rav4ev_0_home/index.html12 Tesla Motors website - www.teslamotors.com13 Who Killed the Electric Car? Documentary Sony Pictures Classics, 2006.14 Toyota Website Vehicles RAV-4 EVhttp//www.toyota.com/html/shop/vehicles/ravev/rav4ev_0_home/index.html

Japanese culture Essay -- Essays Papers

Nipponese market-gardening The small island country of lacquer is rich in a culture that has developed over thousands of socio-economic classs. It is very difficult to analyze other culture without some knowledge of that culture first. During my two year compliance in Japan, my eyes were opened to the culture of Japan and its populate and I grew to love it as much as my own. (The ideas expressed in this attempt mainly consist of my own knowledge and observations of Japan). The Nipponese ar a very traditional people. But this should not be confused with a primitive people, because the Japanese are not primitive by most dictionaries definitions of the word. Japan has been changing in recent years in its scene of its own saving, in its social interactions, in its thoughts about religion, and in its overall view of its place in the world and among other nations.For the past decade, the Japanese economy has been one of the strongest and most stable economies in th e world. In analyzing wherefore it has been so successful, several factors must be considered. First, the education system of Japan is one of the highest ranked in the world. The reason for this is that Japanese children go to drill and study more than students in most other countries. The trail year lasts for 240 days and each school day is very long. Furthermore, most students go to cram schools to study even more after the regular school day is over. This is all in preparation for the college entrance exam (Morton, 251-255). several(prenominal) people experience also said that this prepares Japanese youth for their forthcoming in companies with jobs that require great dedication and 80 to 90 hour wrick weeks.This dedication of Japanese employees to their work contributes greatly to the strength of the economy of Japan. They line up like they are part of a big family (the company). Employees work together for the benefit of the company as a whole. They truly fe el that their hard work and success contribute to the companys success and growth. Companies also have special programs and classes for the employees, who are the children, to draw and quarter them feel at home. There are company athletic clubs and cultural classes, such as flower administration and the tea ceremony. Since everyone is a member of the family in Japan, decisions that the company must make are circulated among the lower echelons of the work force for their opinio... ...a well-organized priesthood. Although its view of the world is rather different than that of Shinto, the optimism that the two share causes them to mesh well. Christianity is also present in Japan, but only about 1% of the total population is of the Christian faith. In spite of the low percentage of Japanese Christians, many people have Christian weddings in Japan now.Finally, comparing Japanese culture to American culture is a very daunting task. Japan is a country which is thousands of years older than the United States. Although one might destine the Japanese seem to be nothing like Americans, they are outwardly very much the same. For example, the Japanese listen to music, watch movies, play sports, and go to work and to school the same way Americans do. But it is the kokoro, which is the mind and soul, of a Japanese person that is truly different than that of an American. This kokoro is something that can not be easily explained or understood. It is an awareness which one slowly receives as he or she is truly immersed in the culture of the rising sun of Japan.BibliographyMorton, W. Scott. Japan, Its level and Culture. New York McGraw-Hill, 1994

Abortion Essay -- Increase Abortion Availability

Should stillbirth be allowed in the United States? If so, then under what raft? stillbirth has been one of the most heatedly debated topics in the U.S. for more than a century. This root explores the history and international use of stillbirth, as well as the empirical and moral claims made by both sides of the issue. We will withal examine the key positions taken on stillbirth and look at those affected by it. Based on extensive research and analysis, this paper will recommend that the government increase abortion funding and availability.Abortion HistoryAbortion has been around since the earliest times. The first recorded abortion recipe dates back to 2600 B.C. (History of Abortion). Ancient societies supported abortion as a means of controlling the population (Abortion in Law, History, and Religion). The first known abortion regulation was outlined in 4th century A.D. when St. Augustine declared Catholic law to allow abortion up to 80 age for the female fetus and 40 days for the male fetus (History of Abortion). However, in 1588 Pope Sixtus publically forbade all abortions (History of Abortion). One of the first countries to outlaw abortion by law, Great Britain, declared abortion a misdemeanor in 1803 (History of Abortion). In the United States, abortion laws began to appear in the nineteenth century (Abortion in Law, History, and Religion). normal and efficacious attitudes toward abortion have significantly changed in America since 1800. Women in the earliest 1800s rarely sought abortion, even though legal childbed to obtain an abortion was almost non-existent (Sauer). Until the mid-nineteenth century, first trimester abortions were legal under super C law (Abortion in Law, History, and Religio... ...quest.umi.com/pqdweb?index=36&did=000000010987507&SrchMode=1&sid=1&Fmt=4&VInst=PROD&VType=PQD&RQT=309&VName=PQD&TS=1080408602&clientId=60765. scholarly primary print via the meshwork authoritativeYishai, Yael. Public Ideas and Pu blic Policy Abortion Politics in Four Democracies. comparative degree Politics, Vol. 25, No. 2. (Jan., 2013), pp. 207-228. Web. 1 May 2015.. primary scholarly print via profits authoritativeZhou, W., et al. Risk of Spontaneous Abortion Following Induce Abortion. ledger of Obstetrics and Gynecology. Jan. 2010. Web. 1 May 2015.. scholarly primary print via the internet authoritative

Analyzing the character of Reverend Hale :: English Literature

Analyzing the lawsuit of grand HaleMr Reverend Hale had a very controversial role in move the story tothe end how it had happened. Beside the other three main charactersMr Proctor, Elizabeth and Abigail he was ordinal biggest person whoinfluenced the happenings the most. However, while the main characters compete a kind of a passive role, he always wanted to be in the in-betweenof attention. He was a very proud man, but nave as well. He thoughthat himself is an expert in the mysterious world of witches. atight-skinned, eager-eyed intellectual. This is a beloved errand forhim on being called here to ascertain witchery he has felt thepride of the specialist whose unique knowledge has at last beenpublicly called for.This bad self-conscious brought to attention the witchcraft. The roleof his character is a good example how a not completely secureperson potentiometer mislead a whole community. Mr Hale played a crucial part instarting the witch trials and initiating the ferocity i n the town ofSalem.Though, he was the one who accuse the girls of being witches and onerous to get their testimony, he was always seeking the truth. He didnot imagine to make such a huge conflict between the villagers. Abigailused his willingness of believing in mystic creatures like witches,she realized that he canful be misled easily. Moreover, through hisconvincing personality everybody in the town can be misled, too.Therefore, the madness was partly happened due to his intervention,because the others should have not listened or believed to him.Hales goodness and naivety was shown through his enlightenment. Afterhe had realized his wrong decision, he strived for persuading all theinnocent citizens to confess cooperation with the detestation that theyobviously had never done. He did not take into account the massess

Essay examples --

Julius Caesar How did the Emperor rise to power?Julius was born from Aurelia and Gaius Julius Caesar. His family had nobility status, although they were neither rich nor influential in the time period. Caesar was make military tribune originally 70 B.C. and was quaestor in Farther Spain in 69 B.C. he helped Pompey to apply the supreme command for the war in the East. As a general, Caesar was the trump Rome had ever seen. He returned to Rome in 68 B.C. and in Pompeys absence was becoming the recognized head of the popular party. His love of Marius and Cinna made him popular with the people, but earned him the hatred of the senate. In Dec. 63 B.C. Caesar advocated benignity for Catiline and the conspirators, thereby increasing the enmity of the senatorial party and its leaders, Cato the Younger and Quintus Lutatius Catulus. How did they intensify the Empire of Rome?Julius Caesar was Romes first dictator, alt hough he did not ever officially become Emperor. Caesar was appointed a counsol, and went...

Struggle Between Good and Evil in William Goldings Lord of the Flies E

The Struggle Between Good and Evil in William Goldings master of the wing Evil is not an external force controlled by the devil, but quite the potential for evil resides within each person. Man has the potential to border great kindness or to rape and pillage. In the novel Lord of the Flies, William Golding deals with this evil that exists in the heart of man. With his mastery of such literary dent as structure, syntax, diction, point of view and presentation of character, Golding allows the reader to easily chance upon with each character and explore the novels main theme, the constant internal postulate between the forces of good and evil. Goldings novel has a remarkably complete and significant structure(Kinkead-Weekes 15). With the exception of Ralfs dream, Golding novel follows chronological order. It begins with the boys arrival on the island. by means of the chapters angiotensin-converting enzyme to four, the tension rises between Jack and Ralf, the two lead ers. The crisis is reached in chapter five, animate being from Water, when Simon comes face to face with the personification of evil, the Lord of the Flies. The tension mounts continually as the story unfolds for the structure and technique of Lord of the Flies is one of revelation (Kinkead-Weekes 22). The climax is reached shortly after the shattering of the conch and Piggys death, when the boys attempt to fling off Ralf. After this the story quickly comes to an end with the arrival of the naval officer. thereof the story follows the relatively common path of exposition, rising action, crisis, climax and move action. Goldings skilful use of syntax is also quite common. He uses prospicient periodic sentences when describing of the peaceful coral island, shadowed wit... ...at a clearly focused and coherent body of meaning is crystallizing break through of every fact (Kinkead-Weekes and Gregor 15). Lord of the Flies enables the reader to comprehend that the devil rises, not out of pirates and cannibals and such alien creatures, but out of the darkness of mans heart (Hynes 16). kit and boodle Cited. Baker, jam R. Why Its No Go. Critical Essays on William Golding. Ed. James R. Baker. capital of Massachusetts G.K. Hall & Co., 1988. Golding, William. Lord of the Flies. London Faber and Faber, 1958. Hynes, Samuel. William Goldings Lord of the Flies. Critical Essays on William Golding. Ed. James R. Baker. Boston G.K. Hall & Co., 1988. Kinkead-Weekes, Mark, and Ian Gregor. William Golding a critical study. London Faber and Faber, 1967. Moody, Philippa. Golding Lord of the Flies, a critical commentary. London Macmillan, 1964.